FDA v. Wages and White Lion Investments, LLC

Decided April 2, 2025. Samuel A. Alito Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 23-1038 · 604 U.S. 542 (2025) · Cited 15 times

Holding

The Fifth Circuit erred in setting aside as arbitrary and capricious the FDA’s orders denying respondents’ applications for authorization to market new e-cigarette products pursuant to The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009; the Fifth Circuit also relied on an incorrect standard to reject the FDA’s claim of harmless error regarding the agency’s failure to consider marketing plans submitted by respondents.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 9–0.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. · 556 U.S. 502 (2009)
• Securities & Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corp. · 318 U.S. 80 (1943)
• Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro · 579 U.S. 211 (2016)
• Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Assn. of United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co. · 463 U.S. 29 (1983)
• Anza v. Ideal Steel Supply Corp. · 547 U.S. 451 (2006)
• Calcutt v. FDIC · 598 U.S. 623 (2023)
• Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe · 401 U.S. 402 (1971)
• Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · 429 U.S. 252 (1977)
• Securities & Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corp. · 332 U.S. 194 (1947)
• Shinseki, Secretary of Veterans Affairs v. Sanders · 556 U.S. 396 (2009)
• Food & Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. · 529 U.S. 120 (2000)
• Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke · 551 U.S. 158 (2007)
• Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc. v. Public Util. Dist. No. 1 of Snohomish Cty. · 554 U.S. 527 (2008)
• Massachusetts Trustees of Eastern Gas & Fuel Associates v. United States · 377 U.S. 235 (1964)
• Biestek v. Berryhill · 587 U.S. 97 (2019)
• Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Ventura · 537 U.S. 12 (2002)
• Atlantic Marine Constr. Co. v. United States Dist. Court for Western Dist. of Tex. · 571 U.S. 49 (2013)
• Camp v. Pitts · 411 U.S. 138 (1973)
• Florida Power & Light Co. v. Lorion · 470 U.S. 729 (1985)
• National Cable & Telecommunications Assn. v. Brand X Internet Services · 545 U.S. 967 (2005)
• United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co. · 200 U.S. 321 (1906)
• Department of Commerce v. New York · 588 U.S. 752 (2019)
• Smiley v. Citibank (South Dakota), N. A. · 517 U.S. 735 (1996)

Official text

Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)

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Samuel A. Alito Jr.’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2025). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).