Solem, Warden, South Dakota State Penitentiary v. Stumes

Decided February 29, 1984. Byron Raymond White delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 81-2149 · 465 U.S. 638 (1984) · Cited 584 times

Holding

Edwards should not be applied retroactively, and therefore the Court of Appeals erred in evaluating the constitutionality of the police conduct in this case under the standards set out in Edwards.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 6–3.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Edwards v. Arizona · 451 U.S. 477 (1981)
• Miranda v. Arizona · 384 U.S. 436 (1966)
• Johnson v. Zerbst · 304 U.S. 458 (1938)
• Michigan v. Mosley · 423 U.S. 96 (1975)
• United States v. Johnson · 457 U.S. 537 (1982)
• Oregon v. Bradshaw · 462 U.S. 1039 (1983)
• Johnson v. New Jersey · 384 U.S. 719 (1966)
• Stovall v. Denno · 388 U.S. 293 (1967)
• Desist v. United States · 394 U.S. 244 (1969)
• Michigan v. Payne · 412 U.S. 47 (1973)
• Katz v. United States · 389 U.S. 347 (1967)
• Escobedo v. Illinois · 378 U.S. 478 (1964)
• Linkletter v. Walker · 381 U.S. 618 (1965)
• North Carolina v. Butler · 441 U.S. 369 (1979)
• Fare v. Michael C. · 442 U.S. 707 (1979)
• Brown v. Louisiana · 447 U.S. 323 (1980)
• Olmstead v. United States · 277 U.S. 438 (1928)
• MacKey v. United States · 401 U.S. 667 (1971)
• Mapp v. Ohio · 367 U.S. 643 (1961)
• Payton v. New York · 445 U.S. 573 (1980)
• Rhode Island v. Innis · 446 U.S. 291 (1980)
• Hanover Shoe, Inc. v. United Shoe MacHinery Corp. · 392 U.S. 481 (1968)
• United States v. Peltier · 422 U.S. 531 (1975)
• Hankerson v. North Carolina · 432 U.S. 233 (1977)
• Adams v. Illinois · 405 U.S. 278 (1972)
• Jenkins v. Delaware · 395 U.S. 213 (1969)
• Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · 412 U.S. 218 (1973)
• United States v. Wade · 388 U.S. 218 (1967)
• Gideon v. Wainwright · 372 U.S. 335 (1963)
• North Carolina v. Pearce · 395 U.S. 711 (1969)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Shea v. Louisiana · 470 U.S. 51 (1985)
• Allen v. Hardy · 478 U.S. 255 (1986)
• Teague v. Lane · 489 U.S. 288 (1989)
• Griffith v. Kentucky · 479 U.S. 314 (1987)
• Michigan v. Jackson · 475 U.S. 625 (1986)
• Batson v. Kentucky · 476 U.S. 79 (1986)
• Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati · 475 U.S. 469 (1986)
• Smith v. Illinois · 469 U.S. 91 (1984)
• Saffle v. Parks · 494 U.S. 484 (1990)
• Arizona v. Roberson · 486 U.S. 675 (1988)
• Maryland v. Shatzer · 559 U.S. 98 (2010)
• United States v. Leon · 468 U.S. 897 (1984)
• Moran v. Burbine · 475 U.S. 412 (1986)
• Penry v. Lynaugh · 492 U.S. 302 (1989)
• Oregon v. Elstad · 470 U.S. 298 (1985)
• Oliver v. United States · 466 U.S. 170 (1984)
• McNeil v. Wisconsin · 501 U.S. 171 (1991)
• Thompson v. Keohane · 516 U.S. 99 (1995)
• Michigan v. Harvey · 494 U.S. 344 (1990)
• Sawyer v. Smith · 497 U.S. 227 (1990)
• Butler v. McKellar · 494 U.S. 407 (1990)
• American Trucking Assns., Inc. v. Smith · 496 U.S. 167 (1990)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (1984). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).