City and County of San Francisco v. EPA
Decided March 4, 2025. Samuel A. Alito Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court.
Docket 23-753 · 604 U.S. 334 (2025) · Cited 13 times
Holding
The challenged end-result permitting provisions—which make the permittee responsible for the quality of the water in the body of water into which the permittee discharges pollutants—exceed the Environmental Protection Agency’s authority under the Clean Water Act.
The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.
How the Justices voted
Decided 9–0.
Majority · 9
- John G. Roberts, Jr.
- Clarence Thomas
- Samuel A. Alito, Jr. · delivered the opinion of the Court
- Sonia Sotomayor
- Elena Kagan
- Neil M. Gorsuch
- Brett M. Kavanaugh
- Amy Coney Barrett · filed a dissenting opinion
- Ketanji Brown Jackson
“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).
Precedents cited
Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.
- Environmental Protection Agency v. California Ex Rel. State Water Resources Control Board · 426 U.S. 200 (1976)
- South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians · 541 U.S. 95 (2004)
- Russello v. United States · 464 U.S. 16 (1983)
- Food & Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. · 529 U.S. 120 (2000)
- United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co. · 200 U.S. 321 (1906)
- Arkansas v. Oklahoma · 503 U.S. 91 (1992)
- E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. v. Train · 430 U.S. 112 (1977)
- McDonnell v. United States · 579 U.S. 550 (2016)
- Dubin v. United States · 599 U.S. 110 (2023)
- Azar v. Allina Health Services · 587 U.S. 566 (2019)
- National Assn. of Mfrs. v. Department of Defense · 583 U.S. 109 (2018)
- Salinas v. Railroad Retirement Bd. · 592 U.S. 188 (2021)
- Sackett v. EPA · 598 U.S. 651 (2023)
- Gallardo v. Marstiller · 596 U.S. 420 (2022)
Official text
Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)
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Samuel A. Alito Jr.’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court
Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2025). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).