Dubin v. United States

Decided June 8, 2023. Sonia Sotomayor delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 22-10 · 599 U.S. 110 (2023) · Cited 224 times

Holding

Under 18 U. S. C. §1028A(a)(1)’s crime of “aggravated identity theft,” a defendant “uses” another person’s means of identification “in relation to” a predicate offense when the use is at the crux of what makes the conduct criminal.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 9–0.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Bailey v. United States · 516 U.S. 137 (1995)
• Flores-Figueroa v. United States · 556 U.S. 646 (2009)
• McDonnell v. United States · 579 U.S. 550 (2016)
• Smith v. United States · 508 U.S. 223 (1993)
• Leocal v. Ashcroft · 543 U.S. 1 (2004)
• Carachuri-Rosendo v. Holder · 560 U.S. 563 (2010)
• Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad · 331 U.S. 519 (1947)
• Jones v. United States · 529 U.S. 848 (2000)
• Almendarez-Torres v. United States · 523 U.S. 224 (1998)
• New York State Conference of Blue Cross & Blue Shield Plans v. Travelers Insurance · 514 U.S. 645 (1995)
• Johnson v. United States · 576 U.S. 591 (2015)
• United States v. Stevens · 559 U.S. 460 (2010)
• United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co. · 200 U.S. 321 (1906)
• Jarecki v. G. D. Searle & Co. · 367 U.S. 303 (1961)
• McBoyle v. United States · 283 U.S. 25 (1931)
• United States v. Aguilar · 515 U.S. 593 (1995)
• Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States · 544 U.S. 696 (2005)
• Maracich v. Spears · 570 U.S. 48 (2013)
• Robers v. United States · 572 U.S. 639 (2014)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Snyder v. United States · 603 U.S. 1 (2024)
• Medical Marijuana, Inc. v. Horn · 604 U.S. 593 (2025)
• City and County of San Francisco v. EPA · 604 U.S. 334 (2025)

Official text

Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)

Explore from here

Sonia Sotomayor’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2023). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).