Estelle, Corrections Director, et al. v. Gamble

Decided November 30, 1976. Thurgood Marshall delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 75-929 · 429 U.S. 97 (1976) · Cited 28,035 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 8–1.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Haines v. Kerner · 404 U.S. 519 (1972)
• Louisiana Ex Rel. Francis v. Resweber · 329 U.S. 459 (1947)
• Gregg v. Georgia · 428 U.S. 153 (1976)
• Conley v. Gibson · 355 U.S. 41 (1957)
• Robinson v. California · 370 U.S. 660 (1962)
• Trop v. Dulles · 356 U.S. 86 (1958)
• Rescue Army v. Municipal Court of Los Angeles · 331 U.S. 549 (1947)
• Wilkerson v. Utah · 99 U.S. 130 (1879)
• Cruz v. Beto · 405 U.S. 319 (1972)
• Palko v. Connecticut · 302 U.S. 319 (1937)
• Cooper v. Pate · 378 U.S. 546 (1964)
• Butz v. Glover Livestock Commission Co. · 411 U.S. 182 (1973)
• Borden's Farm Products Co. v. Baldwin · 293 U.S. 194 (1934)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Wilson v. Seiter · 501 U.S. 294 (1991)
• Helling v. McKinney · 509 U.S. 25 (1993)
• West v. Atkins · 487 U.S. 42 (1988)
• Hudson v. McMillian · 503 U.S. 1 (1992)
• Farmer v. Brennan · 511 U.S. 825 (1994)
• DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services · 489 U.S. 189 (1989)
• Polk County v. Dodson · 454 U.S. 312 (1981)
• Rhodes v. Chapman · 452 U.S. 337 (1981)
• Whitley v. Albers · 475 U.S. 312 (1986)
• Ingraham v. Wright · 430 U.S. 651 (1977)
• Erickson v. Pardus · 551 U.S. 89 (2007)
• Davidson v. Cannon · 474 U.S. 344 (1986)
• Parratt v. Taylor · 451 U.S. 527 (1981)
• United States v. Bailey · 444 U.S. 394 (1980)
• Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly · 550 U.S. 544 (2007)
• Hudson v. Palmer · 468 U.S. 517 (1984)
• Miller v. Alabama · 567 U.S. 460 (2012)
• Carlson v. Green · 446 U.S. 14 (1980)
• Ziglar v. Abbasi · 582 U.S. 120 (2017)
• Youngberg v. Romeo Ex Rel. Romeo · 457 U.S. 307 (1982)
• Baze v. Rees · 553 U.S. 35 (2008)
• Federal Express Corp. v. Holowecki · 552 U.S. 389 (2008)
• Bucklew v. Precythe · 587 U.S. 119 (2019)
• Georgia v. Public Resource.Org, Inc. · 590 U.S. 255 (2020)
• Neitzke v. Williams · 490 U.S. 319 (1989)
• Daniels v. Williams · 474 U.S. 327 (1986)
• Lewis v. Casey · 518 U.S. 343 (1996)
• Bounds v. Smith · 430 U.S. 817 (1977)
• Hughes v. Rowe · 449 U.S. 5 (1980)
• Hutto v. Finney · 437 U.S. 678 (1978)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).