Norwood et al. v. Harrison et al.

Decided June 25, 1973. Warren Earl Burger delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 72-77 · 413 U.S. 455 (1973) · Cited 299 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 9–0.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Board of Ed. of Central School Dist. No. 1 v. Allen · 392 U.S. 236 (1968)
• Everson v. Board of Ed. of Ewing · 330 U.S. 1 (1947)
• Lemon v. Kurtzman · 403 U.S. 602 (1971)
• Brown v. Board of Education · 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
• Tilton v. Richardson · 403 U.S. 672 (1971)
• Cochran v. Louisiana State Board of Education · 281 U.S. 370 (1930)
• San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez · 411 U.S. 1 (1973)
• Wisconsin v. Yoder · 406 U.S. 205 (1972)
• Griffin v. Breckenridge · 403 U.S. 88 (1971)
• Green v. County School Board of New Kent County · 391 U.S. 430 (1968)
• Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · 392 U.S. 409 (1968)
• Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis · 407 U.S. 163 (1972)
• Cooper v. Aaron · 358 U.S. 1 (1958)
• Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education · 396 U.S. 19 (1969)
• Wright v. Council of Emporia · 407 U.S. 451 (1972)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Allen v. Wright · 468 U.S. 737 (1984)
• Gilmore v. City of Montgomery · 417 U.S. 556 (1974)
• Runyon v. McCrary · 427 U.S. 160 (1976)
• City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. · 488 U.S. 469 (1989)
• Bob Jones University v. United States · 461 U.S. 574 (1983)
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 438 U.S. 265 (1978)
• United States v. Virginia · 518 U.S. 515 (1996)
• Maher v. Roe · 432 U.S. 464 (1977)
• Heckler v. Mathews · 465 U.S. 728 (1984)
• 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis · 600 U.S. 570 (2023)
• Hishon v. King & Spalding · 467 U.S. 69 (1984)
• Flagg Bros., Inc. v. Brooks · 436 U.S. 149 (1978)
• New York State Club Assn., Inc. v. City of New York · 487 U.S. 1 (1988)
• National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley · 524 U.S. 569 (1998)
• Bowen v. Roy · 476 U.S. 693 (1986)
• Grove City College v. Bell · 465 U.S. 555 (1984)
• Christian Legal Soc. Chapter of Univ. of Cal., Hastings College of Law v. Martinez · 561 U.S. 661 (2010)
• Locke v. Davey · 540 U.S. 712 (2004)
• Murthy v. Missouri · 603 U.S. 43 (2024)
• Carson v. Makin · 596 U.S. 767 (2022)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).