Paul, Director of Agriculture of California, et al. v. United States
Decided January 14, 1963. William Orville Douglas delivered the opinion of the Court.
Docket 19 · 371 U.S. 245 (1963) · Cited 327 times
We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.
How the Justices voted
Decided 6–3.
Majority · 6
- William Orville Douglas · delivered the opinion of the Court
- Byron Raymond White
- Earl Warren
- Hugo Lafayette Black
- Tom C. Clark
- William Joseph Brennan Jr.
Dissenting · 3
- Arthur Joseph Goldberg
- John Marshall Harlan
- Potter Stewart · filed a dissenting opinion
“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.
Precedents cited
Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.
- Penn Dairies, Inc. v. Milk Control Comm'n of Pa. · 318 U.S. 261 (1943)
- Public Util. Comm'n of Cal. v. United States · 355 U.S. 534 (1958)
- James Stewart & Co. v. Sadrakula · 309 U.S. 94 (1940)
- Standard Oil Co. of Cal. v. Johnson · 316 U.S. 481 (1942)
- James v. Dravo Contracting Co. · 302 U.S. 134 (1937)
- Fort Leavenworth Railroad v. Lowe · 114 U.S. 525 (1885)
- Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Jacobsen · 362 U.S. 73 (1960)
- Silas Mason Co. v. Tax Commission of Washington · 302 U.S. 186 (1937)
Cited by
Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.
- North Dakota v. United States · 495 U.S. 423 (1990)
- Parker Drilling Management Services, Ltd. v. Newton · 587 U.S. 601 (2019)
- Kleppe v. New Mexico · 426 U.S. 529 (1976)
- North Dakota v. United States · 460 U.S. 300 (1983)
- Chrysler Corp. v. Brown · 441 U.S. 281 (1979)
- Turner v. Fouche · 396 U.S. 346 (1970)
- Hancock v. Train · 426 U.S. 167 (1976)
- Department of Employment v. United States · 385 U.S. 355 (1966)
- United States v. Tax Comm'n of Miss. · 421 U.S. 599 (1975)
Official text
Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)
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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).