Perez et al. v. Ledesma et al.

Decided February 23, 1971. Hugo Lafayette Black delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 60 · 401 U.S. 82 (1971) · Cited 1,061 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Zwickler v. Koota · 389 U.S. 241 (1967)
• Dombrowski v. Pfister · 380 U.S. 479 (1965)
• Golden v. Zwickler · 394 U.S. 103 (1969)
• Moody v. Flowers · 387 U.S. 97 (1967)
• Osborn v. Bank of United States · 22 U.S. 738 (1824)
• Cameron v. Johnson · 390 U.S. 611 (1968)
• Gunn v. University Committee to End the War in Viet Nam · 399 U.S. 383 (1970)
• Public Serv. Comm'n of Utah v. Wycoff Co. · 344 U.S. 237 (1952)
• Douglas v. City of Jeannette · 319 U.S. 157 (1943)
• Terrace v. Thompson · 263 U.S. 197 (1923)
• Stefanelli v. Minard · 342 U.S. 117 (1951)
• Flast v. Cohen · 392 U.S. 83 (1968)
• Aetna Life Insurance v. Haworth · 300 U.S. 227 (1937)
• Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. · 272 U.S. 365 (1926)
• Maryland Casualty Co. v. Pacific Coal & Oil Co. · 312 U.S. 270 (1941)
• Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez · 372 U.S. 144 (1963)
• Wisconsin v. Constantineau · 400 U.S. 433 (1971)
• Zemel v. Rusk · 381 U.S. 1 (1965)
• Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. v. Huffman · 319 U.S. 293 (1943)
• Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Jacobsen · 362 U.S. 73 (1960)
• United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · 383 U.S. 715 (1966)
• New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · 376 U.S. 254 (1964)
• Railroad Comm'n of Tex. v. Pullman Co. · 312 U.S. 496 (1941)
• Roth v. United States · 354 U.S. 476 (1957)
• National Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People v. Button · 371 U.S. 415 (1963)
• Brillhart v. Excess Insurance Co. of America · 316 U.S. 491 (1942)
• Flemming v. Nestor · 363 U.S. 603 (1960)
• Stromberg v. California · 283 U.S. 359 (1931)
• Atlantic Coast Line Railroad v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers · 398 U.S. 281 (1970)
• Baggett v. Bullitt · 377 U.S. 360 (1964)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Allee v. Medrano · 416 U.S. 802 (1974)
• Steffel v. Thompson · 415 U.S. 452 (1974)
• Kugler v. Helfant · 421 U.S. 117 (1975)
• Lynch v. Household Finance Corp. · 405 U.S. 538 (1972)
• Rosewell v. LaSalle National Bank · 450 U.S. 503 (1981)
• Hibbs v. Winn · 542 U.S. 88 (2004)
• SAMUELS Et Al. v. MACKELL, DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF QUEENS COUNTY, Et Al. · 401 U.S. 66 (1971)
• Edgar v. Mite Corp. · 457 U.S. 624 (1982)
• Fair Assessment in Real Estate Assn., Inc. v. McNary · 454 U.S. 100 (1981)
• Trainor v. Hernandez · 431 U.S. 434 (1977)
• Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · 465 U.S. 89 (1984)
• Roe v. Wade · 410 U.S. 113 (1973)
• Gerstein v. Pugh · 420 U.S. 103 (1975)
• Fuentes v. Shevin · 407 U.S. 67 (1972)
• O'Shea v. Littleton · 414 U.S. 488 (1974)
• Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd. · 420 U.S. 592 (1975)
• Moore v. Sims · 442 U.S. 415 (1979)
• Kelly v. Robinson · 479 U.S. 36 (1986)
• Hicks v. Miranda · 422 U.S. 332 (1975)
• McKesson Corp. v. Division of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco, Fla. Dept. of Business Regulation · 496 U.S. 18 (1990)
• Employees of Department of Public Health v. Department of Public Health · 411 U.S. 279 (1973)
• Rose v. Mitchell · 443 U.S. 545 (1979)
• Lake Carriers' Assn. v. MacMullan · 406 U.S. 498 (1972)
• Justices of Boston Municipal Court v. Lydon · 466 U.S. 294 (1984)
• California v. Grace Brethren Church · 457 U.S. 393 (1982)
• Roaden v. Kentucky · 413 U.S. 496 (1973)
• National Private Truck Council, Inc. v. Oklahoma Tax Comm'n · 515 U.S. 582 (1995)
• Arkansas v. Farm Credit Services of Central Arkansas · 520 U.S. 821 (1997)
• O'BRIEN v. Brown · 409 U.S. 1 (1972)

Official text

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).