Stanley v. City of Sanford
Decided June 20, 2025. Neil M. Gorsuch delivered the opinion of the Court.
Docket 23-997 · 606 U.S. 46 (2025) · Cited 19 times
Holding
To prevail under 42 U. S. C. §12112(a), a plaintiff must plead and prove that she held or desired a job, and could perform its essential functions with or without reasonable accommodation, at the time of an employer’s alleged act of disability-based discrimination; the judgment of the Eleventh Circuit is affirmed.
The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.
How the Justices voted
Decided 8–1.
Majority · 8
- John G. Roberts, Jr.
- Clarence Thomas · filed an opinion concurring in the judgment
- Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
- Sonia Sotomayor · filed an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part
- Elena Kagan
- Neil M. Gorsuch · delivered the opinion of the Court
- Brett M. Kavanaugh
- Amy Coney Barrett
Dissenting · 1
- Ketanji Brown Jackson · filed a dissenting opinion
“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).
Precedents cited
Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.
- Stanley v. City of Stanford · 606 U.S. 46 (2025)
- Robinson v. Shell Oil Co. · 519 U.S. 337 (1997)
- Cleveland v. Policy Management Systems Corp. · 526 U.S. 795 (1999)
- Yee v. City of Escondido · 503 U.S. 519 (1992)
- Izumi Seimitsu Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha v. U. S. Philips Corp. · 510 U.S. 27 (1993)
- Hishon v. King & Spalding · 467 U.S. 69 (1984)
- Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission · 558 U.S. 310 (2010)
- PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin · 532 U.S. 661 (2001)
- Ashcroft v. Iqbal · 556 U.S. 662 (2009)
- Singleton v. Wulff · 428 U.S. 106 (1976)
- Davis v. Michigan Department of the Treasury · 489 U.S. 803 (1989)
- Marx v. General Revenue Corp. · 568 U.S. 371 (2013)
- Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corporation · 513 U.S. 374 (1995)
- Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White · 548 U.S. 53 (2006)
- United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc. · 489 U.S. 235 (1989)
- United States v. American Trucking Associations · 310 U.S. 534 (1940)
- Cutter v. Wilkinson · 544 U.S. 709 (2005)
- United Public Workers of America v. Mitchell · 330 U.S. 75 (1947)
- Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker · 554 U.S. 471 (2008)
- Stolt-Nielsen S. A. v. AnimalFeeds International Corp. · 559 U.S. 662 (2010)
- Skinner v. Switzer · 562 U.S. 521 (2011)
- Manuel v. City of Joliet · 580 U.S. 357 (2017)
- City and County of San Francisco v. Sheehan · 575 U.S. 600 (2015)
- Kucana v. Holder · 558 U.S. 233 (2010)
- McCoy v. Louisiana · 584 U.S. 414 (2018)
- United States v. Williams · 504 U.S. 36 (1992)
- Henson v. Santander Consumer USA Inc. · 582 U.S. 79 (2017)
- Raytheon Co. v. Hernandez · 540 U.S. 44 (2003)
- Rodriguez v. United States · 480 U.S. 522 (1987)
- Alabama State Federation of Labor v. McAdory · 325 U.S. 450 (1945)
Official text
Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)
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Neil M. Gorsuch’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court
Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2025). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).