| June 11, 1956 | De Sylva v. Ballentine, Guardian | John Marshall Harlan | 351 U.S. 570 (1956) | 393 |
| June 11, 1956 | Cole v. Young et al. | John Marshall Harlan | 351 U.S. 536 (1956) | 108 |
| June 11, 1956 | Czaplicki v. the Hoegh Silvercloud et al. | John Marshall Harlan | 351 U.S. 525 (1956) | 208 |
| June 11, 1956 | Parr v. United States | John Marshall Harlan | 351 U.S. 513 (1956) | 350 |
| June 11, 1956 | Reed v. Pennsylvania Railroad Co. | Sherman Minton | 351 U.S. 502 (1956) | – |
| June 11, 1956 | Southern Pacific Co. v. Gileo et al. | Sherman Minton | 351 U.S. 493 (1956) | – |
| June 11, 1956 | Reid, Superintendent, District of Columbia Jail, v. Covert | Tom C. Clark | 351 U.S. 487 (1956) | – |
| June 11, 1956 | Kinsella, Warden, v. Krueger | Tom C. Clark | 351 U.S. 470 (1956) | – |
| June 11, 1956 | United States Ex Rel. Darcy v. Handy, Warden, et al. | Harold Hitz Burton | 351 U.S. 454 (1956) | 147 |
| June 11, 1956 | Cold Metal Process Co. et al. v. United Engineering & Foundry Co. | Harold Hitz Burton | 351 U.S. 445 (1956) | 225 |
| June 11, 1956 | Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Mackey et al. | Harold Hitz Burton | 351 U.S. 427 (1956) | 986 |
| June 11, 1956 | United States v. E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Stanley Forman Reed | 351 U.S. 377 (1956) | 1304 |
| June 11, 1956 | Jay v. Boyd, District Director, Immigration & Naturalization Service | Stanley Forman Reed | 351 U.S. 345 (1956) | 291 |
| June 11, 1956 | Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Co. v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. et al. | Hugo Lafayette Black | 351 U.S. 321 (1956) | – |
| June 11, 1956 | United States v. McKesson & Robbins, Inc. | Earl Warren | 351 U.S. 305 (1956) | 200 |
| June 4, 1956 | Black et al. v. Cutter Laboratories | Tom C. Clark | 351 U.S. 292 (1956) | 118 |
| June 4, 1956 | Durley v. Mayo, Custodian, Florida State Prison | Harold Hitz Burton | 351 U.S. 277 (1956) | – |
| June 4, 1956 | United Automobile, Aircraft & Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Board et al. | Stanley Forman Reed | 351 U.S. 266 (1956) | 181 |
| May 28, 1956 | Offutt Housing Co. v. County of Sarpy et al. | Felix Frankfurter | 351 U.S. 253 (1956) | 101 |
| May 28, 1956 | Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Lobue | Hugo Lafayette Black | 351 U.S. 243 (1956) | 445 |
| May 21, 1956 | Railway Employes' Department, American Federation of Labor, et al. v. Hanson et al. | William Orville Douglas | 351 U.S. 225 (1956) | 399 |
| May 21, 1956 | Johnston et al. v. United States | Stanley Forman Reed | 351 U.S. 215 (1956) | 112 |
| May 21, 1956 | United States et al. v. Storer Broadcasting Co. | Stanley Forman Reed | 351 U.S. 192 (1956) | 405 |
| May 14, 1956 | Cahill v. New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co. | Per curiam | 351 U.S. 183 (1956) | – |
| May 7, 1956 | Hatahley et al. v. United States | Tom C. Clark | 351 U.S. 173 (1956) | 274 |
| May 7, 1956 | General Box Co. v. United States | Stanley Forman Reed | 351 U.S. 159 (1956) | – |
| May 7, 1956 | National Labor Relations Board v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. | Hugo Lafayette Black | 351 U.S. 149 (1956) | 329 |
| May 7, 1956 | Covey, Committee, v. Town of Somers | Earl Warren | 351 U.S. 141 (1956) | 240 |
| April 30, 1956 | Sugden et Ux. v. United States. | Per curiam | 351 U.S. 916 (1956) | – |
| April 30, 1956 | Berra v. United States | John Marshall Harlan | 351 U.S. 131 (1956) | 315 |
| April 30, 1956 | Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Board | Felix Frankfurter | 351 U.S. 115 (1956) | 111 |
| April 30, 1956 | National Labor Relations Board v. Babcock & Wilcox Co. | Stanley Forman Reed | 351 U.S. 105 (1956) | 453 |
| April 30, 1956 | United States v. Zucca, Alias Sarni | Earl Warren | 351 U.S. 91 (1956) | – |
| April 23, 1956 | American Airlines, Inc. v. North American Airlines, Inc., et al. | Sherman Minton | 351 U.S. 79 (1956) | – |
| April 23, 1956 | United Mine Workers of America et al. v. Arkansas Oak Flooring Co. | Harold Hitz Burton | 351 U.S. 62 (1956) | 103 |
| April 23, 1956 | Dixie Carriers, Inc., et al. v. United States et al. | William Orville Douglas | 351 U.S. 56 (1956) | 105 |
| April 23, 1956 | East Texas Motor Freight Lines, Inc., et al. v. Frozen Food Express et al. | William Orville Douglas | 351 U.S. 49 (1956) | 120 |
| April 23, 1956 | Frozen Food Express v. United States et al. | William Orville Douglas | 351 U.S. 40 (1956) | 187 |
| April 23, 1956 | Griffin et al. v. Illinois | Hugo Lafayette Black | 351 U.S. 12 (1956) | 3730 |
| April 23, 1956 | Squire, Collector of Internal Revenue, v. Capoeman et Ux. | Earl Warren | 351 U.S. 1 (1956) | 301 |
| April 9, 1956 | Armstrong v. Armstrong et al. | Sherman Minton | 350 U.S. 568 (1956) | – |
| April 9, 1956 | Slochower v. Board of Higher Education of New York City | Tom C. Clark | 350 U.S. 551 (1956) | 744 |
| April 9, 1956 | International Harvester Credit Corp. et al. v. Goodrich et al., Constituting the State Tax Commission of New York | Harold Hitz Burton | 350 U.S. 537 (1956) | – |
| April 9, 1956 | Archawski et al. v. Hanioti | William Orville Douglas | 350 U.S. 532 (1956) | – |
| April 9, 1956 | Collins et al. v. American Buslines, Inc. et al. | Felix Frankfurter | 350 U.S. 528 (1956) | – |
| April 9, 1956 | Schulz, Administratrix, v. Pennsylvania Railroad Co. | Hugo Lafayette Black | 350 U.S. 523 (1956) | 201 |
| April 2, 1956 | Riverbank Laboratories v. Hardwood Products Corp. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 1003 (1956) | – |
| April 2, 1956 | In Re Application of Burwell | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 521 (1956) | – |
| April 2, 1956 | Pennsylvania v. Nelson | Earl Warren | 350 U.S. 497 (1956) | 312 |
| March 26, 1956 | Petrowski et al. v. Hawkeye-Security Insurance Co. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 495 (1956) | – |
| March 26, 1956 | Werner Machine Co., Inc. v. Director of Division of Taxation, Department of the Treasury, of New Jersey | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 492 (1956) | – |
| March 26, 1956 | Murdock Acceptance Corp. v. United States | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 488 (1956) | – |
| March 26, 1956 | Doud et al., Doing Business as Bondified Systems, et al. v. Hodge, Auditor of Public Accounts of Illinois, et al. | Sherman Minton | 350 U.S. 485 (1956) | – |
| March 26, 1956 | Mitchell, Secretary of Labor, v. Budd et al. | William Orville Douglas | 350 U.S. 473 (1956) | – |
| March 26, 1956 | General Stores Corp. v. Shlensky et al. | William Orville Douglas | 350 U.S. 462 (1956) | – |
| March 26, 1956 | Millinery Center Building Corp. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue | Felix Frankfurter | 350 U.S. 456 (1956) | – |
| March 26, 1956 | Ullmann v. United States | Felix Frankfurter | 350 U.S. 422 (1956) | 666 |
| March 26, 1956 | United States v. Green et al. | Stanley Forman Reed | 350 U.S. 415 (1956) | 110 |
| March 12, 1956 | Florida Ex Rel. Hawkins v. Board of Control of Florida et al. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 413 (1956) | – |
| March 12, 1956 | United States et al. v. Contract Steel Carriers, Inc. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 409 (1956) | – |
| March 12, 1956 | Cammer v. United States | Hugo Lafayette Black | 350 U.S. 399 (1956) | 133 |
| March 5, 1956 | United States v. Leslie Salt Co. | John Marshall Harlan | 350 U.S. 383 (1956) | 133 |
| March 5, 1956 | Remmer v. United States | Sherman Minton | 350 U.S. 377 (1956) | 219 |
| March 5, 1956 | Greenwood v. United States | Felix Frankfurter | 350 U.S. 366 (1956) | 310 |
| March 5, 1956 | Costello v. United States | Hugo Lafayette Black | 350 U.S. 359 (1956) | 1814 |
| February 27, 1956 | Gibson v. Lockheed Aircraft Service, Inc. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 356 (1956) | – |
| February 27, 1956 | Federal Power Commission v. Sierra Pacific Power Co. | John Marshall Harlan | 350 U.S. 348 (1956) | 371 |
| February 27, 1956 | United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Mobile Gas Service Corp. et al. | John Marshall Harlan | 350 U.S. 332 (1956) | 477 |
| February 27, 1956 | Shields v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. | Sherman Minton | 350 U.S. 318 (1956) | – |
| February 27, 1956 | Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Southwest Exploration Co. | Tom C. Clark | 350 U.S. 308 (1956) | 279 |
| February 27, 1956 | United States v. Ryan | Tom C. Clark | 350 U.S. 299 (1956) | 158 |
| February 27, 1956 | Mastro Plastics Corp. et al. v. National Labor Relations Board | Harold Hitz Burton | 350 U.S. 270 (1956) | 594 |
| February 27, 1956 | National Labor Relations Board v. Cocacola Bottling Co. of Louisville, Inc. | Felix Frankfurter | 350 U.S. 264 (1956) | – |
| January 30, 1956 | Wisconsin v. Tennessee. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 955 (1956) | – |
| January 30, 1956 | Mitchell, Secretary of Labor, v. King Packing Co. | Earl Warren | 350 U.S. 260 (1956) | 137 |
| January 30, 1956 | Steiner et al., Doing Business as Cumberland Battery Manufacturing Co., v. Mitchell, Secretary of Labor | Earl Warren | 350 U.S. 247 (1956) | 389 |
| January 23, 1956 | United States v. Twin City Power Co. et al. | William Orville Douglas | 350 U.S. 222 (1956) | 153 |
| January 16, 1956 | Rea v. United States | William Orville Douglas | 350 U.S. 214 (1956) | 214 |
| January 16, 1956 | United States v. Minker | Felix Frankfurter | 350 U.S. 179 (1956) | – |
| January 9, 1956 | Secretary of Agriculture v. United States et al. | John Marshall Harlan | 350 U.S. 162 (1956) | – |
| January 9, 1956 | Local Union No. 25 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America et al. v. New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co. | Sherman Minton | 350 U.S. 155 (1956) | – |
| January 9, 1956 | Rex Trailer Co., Inc. v. United States | Tom C. Clark | 350 U.S. 148 (1956) | 411 |
| January 9, 1956 | Ryan Stevedoring Co., Inc. v. Pan-Atlantic Steamship Corp. | Harold Hitz Burton | 350 U.S. 124 (1956) | 1330 |
| January 9, 1956 | Pennsylvania Ex Rel. Herman v. Claudy, Warden | Hugo Lafayette Black | 350 U.S. 116 (1956) | 302 |
| January 6, 1956 | Bernhardt v. Polygraphic Company of America, Inc. | William Orville Douglas | 350 U.S. 198 (1956) | 783 |
| December 12, 1955 | Gonzales v. Landon, District Director, Immigration and Naturalization Service, et al. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 920 (1955) | – |
| December 12, 1955 | Arizona v. California et al. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 114 (1955) | – |
| December 12, 1955 | National Labor Relations Board v. Warren Company, Inc. | Earl Warren | 350 U.S. 107 (1955) | – |
| December 5, 1955 | Michel v. Louisiana | Tom C. Clark | 350 U.S. 91 (1955) | 2788 |
| December 5, 1955 | Reece v. Georgia | Tom C. Clark | 350 U.S. 85 (1955) | 260 |
| December 5, 1955 | Affronti v. United States | Stanley Forman Reed | 350 U.S. 79 (1955) | 1308 |
| November 21, 1955 | Neese, Administrator, v. Southern Railway Co. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 77 (1955) | 155 |
| November 21, 1955 | Indian Towing Co., Inc., et al. v. United States | Felix Frankfurter | 350 U.S. 61 (1955) | 1289 |
| November 14, 1955 | Mitchell, Secretary of Labor, v. Myrtle Grove Packing Co. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 891 (1955) | – |
| November 7, 1955 | United States v. Anderson, Clayton & Co. | Sherman Minton | 350 U.S. 55 (1955) | – |
| November 7, 1955 | Corn Products Refining Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue | Tom C. Clark | 350 U.S. 46 (1955) | 669 |
| November 7, 1955 | United States Ex Rel. Toth v. Quarles, Secretary of the Air Force | Hugo Lafayette Black | 350 U.S. 11 (1955) | 538 |
| October 24, 1955 | Nukk et al. v. Shaughnessy, District Director, Immigration and Naturalization Service. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 869 (1955) | – |
| October 24, 1955 | Liquid Carbonic Corp. v. United States | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 869 (1955) | – |
| October 24, 1955 | Walton v. California. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 868 (1955) | – |
| October 17, 1955 | Williams v. United States. | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 857 (1955) | – |
| October 17, 1955 | Chessman v. Teets, Warden | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 3 (1955) | – |
| October 10, 1955 | Lucy et al. v. Adams, Dean of Admissions, University of Alabama | Per curiam | 350 U.S. 1 (1955) | – |