United States v. Paradise et al.

Decided February 25, 1987. William Joseph Brennan Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 85-999 · 480 U.S. 149 (1987) · Cited 445 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Local 28 of the Sheet Metal Workers' International Ass'n v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · 478 U.S. 421 (1986)
• Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education · 476 U.S. 267 (1986)
• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · 402 U.S. 1 (1971)
• Fullilove v. Klutznick · 448 U.S. 448 (1980)
• Green v. County School Board of New Kent County · 391 U.S. 430 (1968)
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 438 U.S. 265 (1978)
• Franks v. Bowman Transportation Co. · 424 U.S. 747 (1976)
• International Salt Co. v. United States · 332 U.S. 392 (1947)
• Louisiana v. United States · 380 U.S. 145 (1965)
• International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · 431 U.S. 324 (1977)
• Brown v. Board of Education · 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
• Craig v. Boren · 429 U.S. 190 (1976)
• Brown v. Board of Education · 349 U.S. 294 (1955)
• Hecht Co. v. Bowles · 321 U.S. 321 (1944)
• National Society of Professional Engineers v. United States · 435 U.S. 679 (1978)
• Keyes v. School Dist. No. 1, Denver · 413 U.S. 189 (1973)
• Chicago Teachers Union, Local No. 1 v. Hudson · 475 U.S. 292 (1986)
• Washington v. Seattle School District No. 1 · 458 U.S. 457 (1982)
• North Carolina State Board of Education v. Swann · 402 U.S. 43 (1971)
• United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education · 395 U.S. 225 (1969)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. · 488 U.S. 469 (1989)
• Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena · 515 U.S. 200 (1995)
• Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc. · 512 U.S. 753 (1994)
• Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 497 U.S. 547 (1990)
• Turner v. Safley · 482 U.S. 78 (1987)
• Payne v. Tennessee · 501 U.S. 808 (1991)
• Grutter v. Bollinger · 539 U.S. 306 (2003)
• Spallone v. United States · 493 U.S. 265 (1990)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).