Borden v. United States

Decided June 10, 2021. Elena Kagan delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 19-5410 · 593 U.S. 420 (2021) · Cited 614 times

Holding

The decision of the Sixth Circuit—holding that an offense with a mental state of recklessness may qualify as a “violent felony” under the Armed Career Criminal Act’s elements clause, 18 U. S. C. §924(e)(2)(B)(i)—is reversed, and the case is remanded.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Voisine v. United States · 579 U.S. 686 (2016)
• Leocal v. Ashcroft · 543 U.S. 1 (2004)
• Begay v. United States · 553 U.S. 137 (2008)
• Johnson v. United States · 559 U.S. 133 (2010)
• Johnson v. United States · 576 U.S. 591 (2015)
• United States v. Bailey · 444 U.S. 394 (1980)
• Taylor v. United States · 495 U.S. 575 (1990)
• United States v. Castleman · 572 U.S. 157 (2014)
• United States v. Salerno · 481 U.S. 739 (1987)
• Ring v. Arizona · 536 U.S. 584 (2002)
• District of Columbia v. Heller · 554 U.S. 570 (2008)
• Morissette v. United States · 342 U.S. 246 (1952)
• Welch v. United States · 578 U.S. 120 (2016)
• City of Chicago v. Morales · 527 U.S. 41 (1999)
• United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co. · 200 U.S. 321 (1906)
• Reiter v. Sonotone Corp. · 442 U.S. 330 (1979)
• United States v. United States Gypsum Co. · 438 U.S. 422 (1978)
• Moncrieffe v. Holder · 569 U.S. 184 (2013)
• United States v. Raines · 362 U.S. 17 (1960)
• Vance v. Ball State Univ. · 570 U.S. 421 (2013)
• West Virginia University Hospitals, Inc. v. Casey · 499 U.S. 83 (1991)
• Pepper v. United States · 562 U.S. 476 (2011)
• Sekhar v. United States · 570 U.S. 729 (2013)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Delligatti v. United States · 604 U.S. 423 (2025)

Official text

Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)

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Elena Kagan’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2021). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).