Carol Ankenbrandt, as Next Friend and Mother of L. R. and S. R. v. Jon a. Richards and Debra Kesler

Decided June 15, 1992. Byron Raymond White delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 91-367 · 504 U.S. 689 (1992) · Cited 1,297 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 9–0.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Barber v. Barber Ex Rel. Cronkhite · 62 U.S. 582 (1859)
• Simms v. Simms · 175 U.S. 162 (1899)
• In Re Burrus · 136 U.S. 586 (1890)
• Younger v. Harris · 401 U.S. 37 (1971)
• Ohio Ex Rel. Popovici v. Agler · 280 U.S. 379 (1930)
• Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States · 424 U.S. 800 (1976)
• Burford v. Sun Oil Co. · 319 U.S. 315 (1943)
• Pennzoil Co. v. Texaco Inc. · 481 U.S. 1 (1987)
• Finley v. United States · 490 U.S. 545 (1989)
• Fourco Glass Co. v. Transmirra Products Corp. · 353 U.S. 222 (1957)
• Flood v. Kuhn · 407 U.S. 258 (1972)
• Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · 465 U.S. 89 (1984)
• Railroad Comm'n of Tex. v. Pullman Co. · 312 U.S. 496 (1941)
• Middlesex County Ethics Committee v. Garden State Bar Ass'n · 457 U.S. 423 (1982)
• Hagans v. Lavine · 415 U.S. 528 (1974)
• Consumer Product Safety Commission v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. · 447 U.S. 102 (1980)
• Patterson v. McLean Credit Union · 491 U.S. 164 (1989)
• New Orleans Public Service, Inc. v. Council of City of New Orleans · 491 U.S. 350 (1989)
• Lorillard v. Pons · 434 U.S. 575 (1978)
• Moore v. Sims · 442 U.S. 415 (1979)
• Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. Florida Gulf Coast Building & Construction Trades Council · 485 U.S. 568 (1988)
• Kline v. Burke Construction Co. · 260 U.S. 226 (1922)
• Ohio Civil Rights Commission v. Dayton Christian Schools, Inc. · 477 U.S. 619 (1986)
• Glidden Co. v. Zdanok · 370 U.S. 530 (1962)
• Burnham v. Superior Court of Cal., County of Marin · 495 U.S. 604 (1990)
• Francis v. Henderson · 425 U.S. 536 (1976)
• Palmore v. United States · 411 U.S. 389 (1973)
• Lehman Ex Rel. Lehman v. Lycoming County Children's Services Agency · 458 U.S. 502 (1982)
• O'Bannon v. Town Court Nursing Center · 447 U.S. 773 (1980)
• National Mutual Insurance v. Tidewater Transfer Co. · 337 U.S. 582 (1949)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Marshall v. Marshall · 547 U.S. 293 (2006)
• Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow · 542 U.S. 1 (2004)
• City of Chicago v. International College of Surgeons · 522 U.S. 156 (1997)
• United States v. Windsor · 570 U.S. 744 (2013)
• Greenlaw v. United States · 554 U.S. 237 (2008)
• Troxel v. Granville · 530 U.S. 57 (2000)
• Reno v. Flores · 507 U.S. 292 (1993)
• Quackenbush v. Allstate Insurance · 517 U.S. 706 (1996)
• Carlsbad Technology, Inc. v. HIF Bio, Inc. · 556 U.S. 635 (2009)
• Holder v. Hall · 512 U.S. 874 (1994)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).