Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc., et al. v. Paul, Director of the Department of Agriculture of California, et al.

Decided May 13, 1963. William Joseph Brennan Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 45 · 373 U.S. 132 (1963) · Cited 1,897 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Jacobsen · 362 U.S. 73 (1960)
• Huron Portland Cement Co. v. City of Detroit · 362 U.S. 440 (1960)
• Plumley v. Massachusetts · 155 U.S. 461 (1894)
• Cloverleaf Butter Co. v. Patterson, Commissioner of Agriculture & Industries · 315 U.S. 148 (1942)
• Hines v. Davidowitz · 312 U.S. 52 (1941)
• Gibbons v. Ogden · 22 U.S. 1 (1824)
• Parker v. Brown · 317 U.S. 341 (1943)
• Campbell v. Hussey · 368 U.S. 297 (1961)
• McDermott v. Wisconsin · 228 U.S. 115 (1913)
• International Ass'n of MacHinists v. Gonzales · 356 U.S. 617 (1958)
• Florida v. United States · 282 U.S. 194 (1931)
• First Iowa Hydro-Electric Cooperative v. Federal Power Commission · 328 U.S. 152 (1946)
• Hygrade Provision Co. v. Sherman · 266 U.S. 497 (1925)
• California v. Zook · 336 U.S. 725 (1949)
• San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon · 359 U.S. 236 (1959)
• Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corp. · 331 U.S. 218 (1947)
• United States v. Carolene Products Co. · 304 U.S. 144 (1938)
• Byrd v. Blue Ridge Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc. · 356 U.S. 525 (1958)
• Sunshine Anthracite Coal Co. v. Adkins · 310 U.S. 381 (1940)
• Railway Express Agency, Inc. v. New York · 336 U.S. 106 (1949)
• Baldwin v. G. A. F. Seelig, Inc. · 294 U.S. 511 (1935)
• De Veau v. Braisted · 363 U.S. 144 (1960)
• United States v. Rock Royal Co-Operative, Inc. · 307 U.S. 533 (1939)
• Maryland Casualty Co. v. United States · 251 U.S. 342 (1920)
• Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison · 340 U.S. 349 (1951)
• South Carolina State Highway Department v. Barnwell Bros. · 303 U.S. 177 (1938)
• Allen-Bradley Local No. 1111 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Board · 315 U.S. 740 (1942)
• Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc. · 359 U.S. 520 (1959)
• Public Util. Comm'n of Cal. v. United States · 355 U.S. 534 (1958)
• Currin v. Wallace · 306 U.S. 1 (1939)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Jones v. Rath Packing Co. · 430 U.S. 519 (1977)
• Wyeth v. Levine · 555 U.S. 555 (2009)
• Toll v. Moreno · 458 U.S. 1 (1982)
• Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. State Energy Resources Conservation & Development Commission · 461 U.S. 190 (1983)
• Gade v. National Solid Wastes Management Assn. · 505 U.S. 88 (1992)
• De Canas v. Bica · 424 U.S. 351 (1976)
• Ray v. Atlantic Richfield Co. · 435 U.S. 151 (1978)
• Watters v. Wachovia Bank, N. A. · 550 U.S. 1 (2007)
• California Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Guerra · 479 U.S. 272 (1987)
• Head v. New Mexico Board of Examiners in Optometry · 374 U.S. 424 (1963)
• Hillman v. Maretta · 569 U.S. 483 (2013)
• Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. · 505 U.S. 504 (1992)
• Fidelity Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. De La Cuesta · 458 U.S. 141 (1982)
• Wisconsin Public Intervenor v. Mortier · 501 U.S. 597 (1991)
• Kewanee Oil Co. v. Bicron Corp. · 416 U.S. 470 (1974)
• City of Milwaukee v. Illinois · 451 U.S. 304 (1981)
• California v. ARC America Corp. · 490 U.S. 93 (1989)
• Michigan Canners & Freezers Assn., Inc. v. Agricultural Marketing and Bargaining Bd. · 467 U.S. 461 (1984)
• Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Ware · 414 U.S. 117 (1973)
• Douglas v. Seacoast Products, Inc. · 431 U.S. 265 (1977)
• Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission · 432 U.S. 333 (1977)
• Shaw v. Delta Air Lines, Inc. · 463 U.S. 85 (1983)
• United States v. Lopez · 514 U.S. 549 (1995)
• Medtronic, Inc. v. Lohr · 518 U.S. 470 (1996)
• Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn., Inc. · 452 U.S. 264 (1981)
• English v. General Electric Co. · 496 U.S. 72 (1990)
• Hillsborough County v. Automated Medical Laboratories, Inc. · 471 U.S. 707 (1985)
• Boyle v. United Technologies Corp. · 487 U.S. 500 (1988)
• Maryland v. Louisiana · 451 U.S. 725 (1981)
• Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp. · 464 U.S. 238 (1984)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).