Roberts, Acting Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Human Rights, et al. v. United States Jaycees

Decided July 3, 1984. William Joseph Brennan Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 83-724 · 468 U.S. 609 (1984) · Cited 2,030 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 7–0.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• National Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People v. Button · 371 U.S. 415 (1963)
• Hishon v. King & Spalding · 467 U.S. 69 (1984)
• National Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama Ex Rel. Patterson · 357 U.S. 449 (1958)
• National Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People v. Claiborne Hardware Co. · 458 U.S. 886 (1982)
• Buckley v. Valeo · 424 U.S. 1 (1976)
• Griswold v. Connecticut · 381 U.S. 479 (1965)
• Abood v. Detroit Board of Education · 431 U.S. 209 (1977)
• Meyer v. Nebraska · 262 U.S. 390 (1923)
• Shelton v. Tucker · 364 U.S. 479 (1960)
• Frontiero v. Richardson · 411 U.S. 677 (1973)
• Runyon v. McCrary · 427 U.S. 160 (1976)
• Zablocki v. Redhail · 434 U.S. 374 (1978)
• Carey v. Population Services International · 431 U.S. 678 (1977)
• Smith v. Organization of Foster Families for Equality & Reform · 431 U.S. 816 (1977)
• Civil Rights Cases · 109 U.S. 3 (1883)
• Village of Schaumburg v. Citizens for a Better Environment · 444 U.S. 620 (1980)
• American Party of Texas v. White · 415 U.S. 767 (1974)
• Heckler v. Mathews · 465 U.S. 728 (1984)
• In Re Primus · 436 U.S. 412 (1978)
• Democratic Party of United States v. Wisconsin Ex Rel. La Follette · 450 U.S. 107 (1981)
• Railway Mail Assn. v. Corsi · 326 U.S. 88 (1945)
• Cousins v. Wigoda · 419 U.S. 477 (1975)
• Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Comm. (Ohio) · 459 U.S. 87 (1982)
• Gilmore v. City of Montgomery · 417 U.S. 556 (1974)
• Stanley v. Illinois · 405 U.S. 645 (1972)
• Paul v. Davis · 424 U.S. 693 (1976)
• Grayned v. City of Rockford · 408 U.S. 104 (1972)
• Kolender v. Lawson · 461 U.S. 352 (1983)
• Connally v. General Construction Co. · 269 U.S. 385 (1926)
• Wisconsin v. Yoder · 406 U.S. 205 (1972)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Boy Scouts of America v. Dale · 530 U.S. 640 (2000)
• 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis · 600 U.S. 570 (2023)
• Board of Directors of Rotary International v. Rotary Club of Duarte · 481 U.S. 537 (1987)
• Christian Legal Soc. Chapter of Univ. of Cal., Hastings College of Law v. Martinez · 561 U.S. 661 (2010)
• New York State Club Assn., Inc. v. City of New York · 487 U.S. 1 (1988)
• City of Dallas v. Stanglin · 490 U.S. 19 (1989)
• Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party · 552 U.S. 442 (2008)
• Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000 · 567 U.S. 298 (2012)
• Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston, Inc. · 515 U.S. 557 (1995)
• Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta · 594 U.S. 595 (2021)
• Bowers v. Hardwick · 478 U.S. 186 (1986)
• Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc. · 547 U.S. 47 (2006)
• FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas · 493 U.S. 215 (1990)
• Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic · 506 U.S. 263 (1993)
• Wisconsin v. Mitchell · 508 U.S. 476 (1993)
• Janus v. State, County, and Municipal Employees · 585 U.S. 878 (2018)
• Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · 565 U.S. 171 (2012)
• Chicago Teachers Union, Local No. 1 v. Hudson · 475 U.S. 292 (1986)
• Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliott, Inc. · 521 U.S. 457 (1997)
• City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. · 473 U.S. 432 (1985)
• Washington v. Glucksberg · 521 U.S. 702 (1997)
• Employment Div., Dept. of Human Resources of Ore. v. Smith · 494 U.S. 872 (1990)
• McDonald v. City of Chicago · 561 U.S. 742 (2010)
• Pacific Mutual Life Insurance v. Haslip · 499 U.S. 1 (1991)
• United States v. Stevens · 559 U.S. 460 (2010)
• City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. · 488 U.S. 469 (1989)
• Overton v. Bazzetta · 539 U.S. 126 (2003)
• McConnell v. Federal Election Commission · 540 U.S. 93 (2003)
• Eu v. San Francisco County Democratic Central Committee · 489 U.S. 214 (1989)
• Good News Club v. Milford Central School · 533 U.S. 98 (2001)

Official text

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).