Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, et al. v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc., et al.

Decided March 6, 2006. John Glover Roberts Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 04-1152 · 547 U.S. 47 (2006) · Cited 944 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 8–0.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• United States v. O'Brien · 391 U.S. 367 (1968)
• Boy Scouts of America v. Dale · 530 U.S. 640 (2000)
• Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo · 418 U.S. 241 (1974)
• Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston, Inc. · 515 U.S. 557 (1995)
• West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette · 319 U.S. 624 (1943)
• Rostker v. Goldberg · 453 U.S. 57 (1981)
• Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Commission · 475 U.S. 1 (1986)
• Roberts v. United States Jaycees · 468 U.S. 609 (1984)
• Wooley v. Maynard · 430 U.S. 705 (1977)
• Grove City College v. Bell · 465 U.S. 555 (1984)
• Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Assn. · 544 U.S. 550 (2005)
• Texas v. Johnson · 491 U.S. 397 (1989)
• PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins · 447 U.S. 74 (1980)
• United States v. Albertini · 472 U.S. 675 (1985)
• Board of Ed. of Westside Community Schools (Dist. 66) v. Mergens · 496 U.S. 226 (1990)
• Duncan v. Walker · 533 U.S. 167 (2001)
• R. A. v. v. City of St. Paul · 505 U.S. 377 (1992)
• Rosenberger v. Rector & Visitors of University of Virginia · 515 U.S. 819 (1995)
• Speiser v. Randall · 357 U.S. 513 (1958)
• Yee v. City of Escondido · 503 U.S. 519 (1992)
• Riley v. National Federation of Blind of North Carolina, Inc. · 487 U.S. 781 (1988)
• Giboney v. Empire Storage & Ice Co. · 336 U.S. 490 (1949)
• Bowsher v. Synar · 478 U.S. 714 (1986)
• Board of Comm'rs, Wabaunsee Cty. v. Umbehr · 518 U.S. 668 (1996)
• Healy v. James · 408 U.S. 169 (1972)
• United States v. American Library Assn., Inc. · 539 U.S. 194 (2003)
• Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Comm. (Ohio) · 459 U.S. 87 (1982)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis · 600 U.S. 570 (2023)
• Moody v. NetChoice, LLC · 603 U.S. 707 (2024)
• Agency for Int'l Development v. Alliance for Open Society Int'l, Inc. · 570 U.S. 205 (2013)
• Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party · 552 U.S. 442 (2008)
• Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management Dist. · 570 U.S. 595 (2013)
• Financial Oversight and Management Bd. for P. R. v. Centro De Periodismo Investigativo, Inc. · 598 U.S. 339 (2023)
• Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n · 551 U.S. 177 (2007)
• Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman · 581 U.S. 37 (2017)
• Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency · 549 U.S. 497 (2007)
• Christian Legal Soc. Chapter of Univ. of Cal., Hastings College of Law v. Martinez · 561 U.S. 661 (2010)
• TikTok Inc. v. Garland · 604 U.S. 56 (2025)
• Janus v. State, County, and Municipal Employees · 585 U.S. 878 (2018)
• Counterman v. Colorado · 600 U.S. 66 (2023)
• United States v. Texas · 599 U.S. 670 (2023)
• Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Comm'n · 584 U.S. 617 (2018)
• Murthy v. Missouri · 603 U.S. 43 (2024)
• California v. Texas · 593 U.S. 659 (2021)
• Nevada Commission on Ethics v. Carrigan · 564 U.S. 117 (2011)
• Biden v. Nebraska · 600 U.S. 477 (2023)
• Torres v. Texas Department of Public Safety · 597 U.S. 580 (2022)
• United States Trustee v. John Q. Hammons Fall 2006, LLC · 602 U.S. 487 (2024)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).