Barbara Landgraf v. Usi Film Products et al.

Decided April 26, 1994. John Paul Stevens delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 92-757 · 511 U.S. 244 (1994) · Cited 4,825 times

Holding

Section 102 does not apply to a Title VII case that was pending on appeal when the 1991 Act was enacted.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 8–1.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Thorpe v. Housing Authority of Durham · 393 U.S. 268 (1969)
• Bradley v. School Bd. of Richmond · 416 U.S. 696 (1974)
• Bowen v. Georgetown University Hospital · 488 U.S. 204 (1988)
• Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. v. Bonjorno · 494 U.S. 827 (1990)
• Weaver v. Graham · 450 U.S. 24 (1981)
• Usery v. Turner Elkhorn Mining Co. · 428 U.S. 1 (1976)
• Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio · 490 U.S. 642 (1989)
• Ex Parte Collett · 337 U.S. 55 (1949)
• Hallowell v. Commons · 239 U.S. 506 (1916)
• United States v. Heth · 7 U.S. 399 (1806)
• Bruner v. United States · 343 U.S. 112 (1952)
• Miller v. Florida · 482 U.S. 423 (1987)
• Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools · 503 U.S. 60 (1992)
• United States v. Burke · 504 U.S. 229 (1992)
• Union Pacific Railroad v. Laramie Stock Yards Co. · 231 U.S. 190 (1913)
• United States v. Chambers · 291 U.S. 217 (1934)
• Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins · 490 U.S. 228 (1989)
• Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · 422 U.S. 405 (1975)
• Consumer Product Safety Commission v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. · 447 U.S. 102 (1980)
• Patterson v. McLean Credit Union · 491 U.S. 164 (1989)
• Hutto v. Finney · 437 U.S. 678 (1978)
• Calder v. Bull · 3 U.S. 386 (1798)
• Beazell v. Ohio · 269 U.S. 167 (1925)
• Hall v. Beals · 396 U.S. 45 (1969)
• Martin v. Wilks · 490 U.S. 755 (1989)
• Republic National Bank of Miami v. United States · 506 U.S. 80 (1992)
• Greene v. United States · 376 U.S. 149 (1964)
• Lorance v. At&t Technologies, Inc. · 490 U.S. 900 (1989)
• Cox v. Hart · 260 U.S. 427 (1923)
• Bennett v. New Jersey · 470 U.S. 632 (1985)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Republic of Austria v. Altmann · 541 U.S. 677 (2004)
• Lindh v. Murphy · 521 U.S. 320 (1997)
• Martin v. Hadix · 527 U.S. 343 (1999)
• Hamdan v. Rumsfeld · 548 U.S. 557 (2006)
• Immigration & Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr · 533 U.S. 289 (2001)
• Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States Ex Rel. Schumer · 520 U.S. 939 (1997)
• Vartelas v. Holder · 566 U.S. 257 (2012)
• Opati v. Republic of Sudan · 590 U.S. 418 (2020)
• Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc. · 514 U.S. 211 (1995)
• Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales · 548 U.S. 30 (2006)
• Bank Markazi v. Peterson · 578 U.S. 212 (2016)
• Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel · 524 U.S. 498 (1998)
• Regions Hospital v. Shalala · 522 U.S. 448 (1998)
• LOCKHEED CORP. Et Al. v. SPINK · 517 U.S. 882 (1996)
• County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund · 590 U.S. 165 (2020)
• Brown v. United States · 602 U.S. 101 (2024)
• Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa · 539 U.S. 90 (2003)
• Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District · 524 U.S. 274 (1998)
• O'Melveny & Myers v. Federal Deposit Insurance · 512 U.S. 79 (1994)
• Lynce v. Mathis · 519 U.S. 433 (1997)
• Carmell v. Texas · 529 U.S. 513 (2000)
• Judulang v. Holder · 565 U.S. 42 (2011)
• Republic of Iraq v. Beaty · 556 U.S. 848 (2009)
• Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Services, Inc. · 545 U.S. 546 (2005)
• Schriro v. Summerlin · 542 U.S. 348 (2004)
• Lane v. Pena · 518 U.S. 187 (1996)
• Kolstad v. American Dental Assn. · 527 U.S. 526 (1999)
• Johnson v. United States · 529 U.S. 694 (2000)
• Miller v. French · 530 U.S. 327 (2000)
• Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo · 603 U.S. 369 (2024)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (1994). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).