Board of Trustees of the State University of New York et al. v. Fox et al.

Decided June 29, 1989. Antonin Scalia delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 87-2013 · 492 U.S. 469 (1989) · Cited 1,218 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 6–3.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission · 447 U.S. 557 (1980)
• Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Assn. · 436 U.S. 447 (1978)
• Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel of the Supreme Court of Ohio · 471 U.S. 626 (1985)
• In re R. M. J. · 455 U.S. 191 (1982)
• Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence · 468 U.S. 288 (1984)
• Posadas De Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico · 478 U.S. 328 (1986)
• Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Assn. · 486 U.S. 466 (1988)
• Bates v. State Bar of Arizona · 433 U.S. 350 (1977)
• Broadrick v. Oklahoma · 413 U.S. 601 (1973)
• Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego · 453 U.S. 490 (1981)
• Riley v. National Federation of Blind of North Carolina, Inc. · 487 U.S. 781 (1988)
• San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee · 483 U.S. 522 (1987)
• Board of Airport Comm'rs of Los Angeles v. Jews for Jesus, Inc. · 482 U.S. 569 (1987)
• Berkemer v. McCarty · 468 U.S. 420 (1984)
• United States v. O'Brien · 391 U.S. 367 (1968)
• Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc. · 425 U.S. 748 (1976)
• Members of the City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent · 466 U.S. 789 (1984)
• City of Houston v. Hill · 482 U.S. 451 (1987)
• Bigelow v. Virginia · 421 U.S. 809 (1975)
• New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · 376 U.S. 254 (1964)
• Buckley v. Valeo · 424 U.S. 1 (1976)
• Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. · 455 U.S. 489 (1982)
• Ward v. Rock Against Racism · 491 U.S. 781 (1989)
• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · 393 U.S. 503 (1969)
• Thornhill v. Alabama · 310 U.S. 88 (1940)
• Shelton v. Tucker · 364 U.S. 479 (1960)
• Nixon v. Administrator of General Services · 433 U.S. 425 (1977)
• Widmar v. Vincent · 454 U.S. 263 (1981)
• Kovacs v. Cooper · 336 U.S. 77 (1949)
• Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. · 463 U.S. 60 (1983)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• City of Cincinnati v. Discovery Network, Inc. · 507 U.S. 410 (1993)
• McCutcheon v. Federal Election Comm'n · 572 U.S. 185 (2014)
• Florida Bar v. Went for It, Inc. · 515 U.S. 618 (1995)
• United States v. Edge Broadcasting Co. · 509 U.S. 418 (1993)
• Edenfield v. Fane · 507 U.S. 761 (1993)
• Renne v. Geary · 501 U.S. 312 (1991)
• Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Assn., Inc. v. United States · 527 U.S. 173 (1999)
• 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island · 517 U.S. 484 (1996)
• Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliott, Inc. · 521 U.S. 457 (1997)
• United States v. Williams · 553 U.S. 285 (2008)
• Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly · 533 U.S. 525 (2001)
• Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 520 U.S. 180 (1997)
• United States v. American Library Assn., Inc. · 539 U.S. 194 (2003)
• United States v. Stevens · 559 U.S. 460 (2010)
• United States v. National Treasury Employees Union · 513 U.S. 454 (1995)
• Brown v. Plata · 563 U.S. 493 (2011)
• Ysursa v. Pocatello Education Ass'n · 555 U.S. 353 (2009)
• Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta · 594 U.S. 595 (2021)
• United States v. Booker · 543 U.S. 220 (2005)
• Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition · 535 U.S. 234 (2002)
• United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. · 529 U.S. 803 (2000)
• Gentile v. State Bar of Nev. · 501 U.S. 1030 (1991)
• United States v. Alvarez · 567 U.S. 709 (2012)
• El Paso Natural Gas Co. v. Neztsosie · 526 U.S. 473 (1999)
• Federal Trade Commission v. Superior Court Trial Lawyers Ass'n · 493 U.S. 411 (1990)
• Counterman v. Colorado · 600 U.S. 66 (2023)
• Peel v. Attorney Registration & Disciplinary Commission of Illinois · 496 U.S. 91 (1990)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).