Gardner, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, et al. v. Toilet Goods Association, Inc., et al.

Decided May 22, 1967. John Marshall Harlan delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 438 · 387 U.S. 167 (1967) · Cited 434 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–3.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Ewing v. Mytinger & Casselberry, Inc. · 339 U.S. 594 (1950)
• Frozen Food Express v. United States · 351 U.S. 40 (1956)
• Switchmen's Union v. National Mediation Board · 320 U.S. 297 (1943)
• United States v. Storer Broadcasting Co. · 351 U.S. 192 (1956)
• Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. · 303 U.S. 41 (1938)
• Leedom v. Kyne · 358 U.S. 184 (1958)
• Heikkila v. Barber · 345 U.S. 229 (1953)
• Shields v. Utah Idaho Central Railroad · 305 U.S. 177 (1938)
• Yakus v. United States · 321 U.S. 414 (1944)
• Phillips v. Commissioner · 283 U.S. 589 (1931)
• Bowles v. Willingham · 321 U.S. 503 (1944)
• Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. United States · 316 U.S. 407 (1942)
• St. Joseph Stock Yards Co. v. United States · 298 U.S. 38 (1936)
• Stark v. Wickard · 321 U.S. 288 (1944)
• Rusk v. Cort · 369 U.S. 367 (1962)
• Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System v. Agnew · 329 U.S. 441 (1947)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• The Toilet Goods Association, Inc. v. John w.ga Rdner, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare · 387 U.S. 158 (1967)
• Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation · 497 U.S. 871 (1990)
• Shalala v. Illinois Council on Long Term Care, Inc. · 529 U.S. 1 (2000)
• Reno v. Catholic Social Services, Inc. · 509 U.S. 43 (1993)
• Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors · 603 U.S. 799 (2024)
• Scheuer v. Rhodes · 416 U.S. 232 (1974)
• Papasan v. Allain · 478 U.S. 265 (1986)
• Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization · 426 U.S. 26 (1976)
• Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. State Energy Resources Conservation & Development Commission · 461 U.S. 190 (1983)
• National Park Hospitality Association v. Department of the Interior · 538 U.S. 803 (2003)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).