Heikkila v. Barber, District Director of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, et al.

Decided March 16, 1953. Tom C. Clark delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 426 · 345 U.S. 229 (1953) · Cited 319 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 7–2.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Bridges v. Wixon · 326 U.S. 135 (1945)
• The Japanese Immigrant Case · 189 U.S. 86 (1903)
• Nishimura Ekiu v. United States · 142 U.S. 651 (1892)
• Lem Moon Sing v. United States · 158 U.S. 538 (1895)
• Skelly Oil Co. v. Phillips Petroleum Co. · 339 U.S. 667 (1950)
• Estep v. United States · 327 U.S. 114 (1946)
• Harisiades v. Shaughnessy · 342 U.S. 580 (1952)
• Fong Yue Ting v. United States · 149 U.S. 698 (1893)
• Switchmen's Union v. National Mediation Board · 320 U.S. 297 (1943)
• Ng Fung Ho v. White · 259 U.S. 276 (1922)
• American Federation of Labor v. National Labor Relations Board · 308 U.S. 401 (1940)
• Sunal v. Large · 332 U.S. 174 (1947)
• Stark v. Wickard · 321 U.S. 288 (1944)
• United States Ex Rel. Vajtauer v. Commissioner of Immigration · 273 U.S. 103 (1927)
• Perkins v. Elg · 307 U.S. 325 (1939)
• McGrath v. Kristensen · 340 U.S. 162 (1950)
• Ludecke v. Watkins · 335 U.S. 160 (1948)
• Kessler v. Strecker · 307 U.S. 22 (1939)
• Zakonaite v. Wolf · 226 U.S. 272 (1912)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Immigration & Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr · 533 U.S. 289 (2001)
• Shaughnessy v. Pedreiro · 349 U.S. 48 (1955)
• Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam · 591 U.S. 103 (2020)
• Demore v. Kim · 538 U.S. 510 (2003)
• Guerrero-Lasprilla v. Barr · 589 U.S. 221 (2020)
• Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner · 387 U.S. 136 (1967)
• Gardner v. Toilet Goods Assn., Inc. · 387 U.S. 167 (1967)
• Zadvydas v. Davis · 533 U.S. 678 (2001)
• Heckler v. Ringer · 466 U.S. 602 (1984)
• Boumediene v. Bush · 553 U.S. 723 (2008)
• Bowen v. Michigan Academy of Family Physicians · 476 U.S. 667 (1986)
• Block v. Community Nutrition Institute · 467 U.S. 340 (1984)
• Schilling v. Rogers · 363 U.S. 666 (1960)
• Trump v. J. G. G. · 604 U.S. 670 (2025)
• Agosto v. Immigration & Naturalization Service · 436 U.S. 748 (1978)
• Brownell v. Tom We Shung · 352 U.S. 180 (1956)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Tom C. Clark’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).