Jennifer M. Granholm, Governor of Michigan, et al. v. Eleanor Heald, et al.

Decided May 16, 2005. Anthony McLeod Kennedy delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 03-1116 · 544 U.S. 460 (2005) · Cited 323 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Rhodes v. Iowa · 170 U.S. 412 (1898)
• Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias · 468 U.S. 263 (1984)
• State Bd. of Equalization of Cal. v. Young's Market Co. · 299 U.S. 59 (1936)
• Healy v. Beer Institute · 491 U.S. 324 (1989)
• Clark Distilling Co. v. Western Maryland Railway Co. · 242 U.S. 311 (1917)
• Bowman v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway Co. · 125 U.S. 465 (1888)
• Brown-Forman Distillers Corp. v. New York State Liquor Authority · 476 U.S. 573 (1986)
• Walling v. Michigan · 116 U.S. 446 (1886)
• Hostetter v. Idlewild Bon Voyage Liquor Corp. · 377 U.S. 324 (1964)
• North Dakota v. United States · 495 U.S. 423 (1990)
• Carter v. Virginia · 321 U.S. 131 (1944)
• Craig v. Boren · 429 U.S. 190 (1976)
• Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc. · 397 U.S. 137 (1970)
• City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey · 437 U.S. 617 (1978)
• California Retail Liquor Dealers Assn. v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc. · 445 U.S. 97 (1980)
• James B. Beam Distilling Co. v. Georgia · 501 U.S. 529 (1991)
• New Energy Co. of Indiana v. Limbach · 486 U.S. 269 (1988)
• C & a Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown · 511 U.S. 383 (1994)
• Ziffrin, Inc. v. Reeves · 308 U.S. 132 (1939)
• Duckworth v. Arkansas · 314 U.S. 390 (1941)
• Mahoney v. Joseph Triner Corp. · 304 U.S. 401 (1938)
• Wisconsin v. Constantineau · 400 U.S. 433 (1971)
• Keene Corp. v. United States · 508 U.S. 200 (1993)
• Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Ore. · 511 U.S. 93 (1994)
• Hughes v. Oklahoma · 441 U.S. 322 (1979)
• Maine v. Taylor · 477 U.S. 131 (1986)
• 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island · 517 U.S. 484 (1996)
• Baldwin v. G. A. F. Seelig, Inc. · 294 U.S. 511 (1935)
• Western & Southern Life Ins. Co. v. State Bd. of Equalization of Cal. · 451 U.S. 648 (1981)
• H. P. Hood & Sons, Inc. v. Du Mond · 336 U.S. 525 (1949)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas · 588 U.S. 504 (2019)
• United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority · 550 U.S. 330 (2007)
• Comptroller of Treasury of Md. v. Wynne · 575 U.S. 542 (2015)
• Mallory v. Norfolk Southern R. Co · 600 U.S. 122 (2023)
• Gonzales v. Raich · 545 U.S. 1 (2005)
• South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. · 585 U.S. 162 (2018)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Anthony McLeod Kennedy’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).