Avery v. Midland County et al.

Decided April 1, 1968. Byron Raymond White delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 39 · 390 U.S. 474 (1968) · Cited 687 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–3.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Reynolds v. Sims · 377 U.S. 533 (1964)
• Baker v. Carr · 369 U.S. 186 (1962)
• Sailors v. Board of Ed. of Kent Cty. · 387 U.S. 105 (1967)
• Dusch v. Davis · 387 U.S. 112 (1967)
• Cooper v. Aaron · 358 U.S. 1 (1958)
• Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado · 377 U.S. 713 (1964)
• Brown v. Board of Education · 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
• Strauder v. West Virginia · 100 U.S. 303 (1880)
• Terminiello v. Chicago · 337 U.S. 1 (1949)
• See v. City of Seattle · 387 U.S. 541 (1967)
• Thompson v. City of Louisville · 362 U.S. 199 (1960)
• Mercantile Nat. Bank at Dallas v. Langdeau · 371 U.S. 555 (1963)
• Herb v. Pitcairn · 324 U.S. 117 (1945)
• Swann v. Adams · 385 U.S. 440 (1967)
• Market Street Railway Co. v. Railroad Commission of California · 324 U.S. 548 (1945)
• Radio Station Wow, Inc. v. Johnson · 326 U.S. 120 (1945)
• Local No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry · 371 U.S. 542 (1963)
• Republic Natural Gas Co. v. Oklahoma · 334 U.S. 62 (1948)
• Pope v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad · 345 U.S. 379 (1953)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Hadley v. Junior College District of Metropolitan Kansas City · 397 U.S. 50 (1970)
• Salyer Land Co. v. Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District · 410 U.S. 719 (1973)
• Ball v. James · 451 U.S. 355 (1981)
• City of Lafayette v. Louisiana Power & Light Co. · 435 U.S. 389 (1978)
• Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris · 489 U.S. 688 (1989)
• Holt Civic Club v. City of Tuscaloosa · 439 U.S. 60 (1978)
• Abate v. Mundt · 403 U.S. 182 (1971)
• Kramer v. Union Free School District No. 15 · 395 U.S. 621 (1969)
• City of Mobile v. Bolden · 446 U.S. 55 (1980)
• Hunter v. Erickson · 393 U.S. 385 (1969)
• Cipriano v. City of Houma · 395 U.S. 701 (1969)
• Whitcomb v. Chavis · 403 U.S. 124 (1971)
• Oregon v. Mitchell · 400 U.S. 112 (1970)
• Mahan v. Howell · 410 U.S. 315 (1973)
• Kirkpatrick v. Preisler · 394 U.S. 526 (1969)
• American Trucking Assns., Inc. v. Smith · 496 U.S. 167 (1990)
• Karcher v. Daggett · 462 U.S. 725 (1983)
• East Carroll Parish School Board v. Marshall · 424 U.S. 636 (1976)
• United Building & Constr. Trades Council of Camden Cty. v. Mayor and Council of Camden · 465 U.S. 208 (1984)
• Wells v. Rockefeller · 394 U.S. 542 (1969)
• Town of Lockport v. Citizens for Community Action at the Local Level, Inc. · 430 U.S. 259 (1977)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).