Lucas et al. v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado et al.

Decided June 15, 1964. Earl Warren delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 508 · 377 U.S. 713 (1964) · Cited 467 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 6–3.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Baker v. Carr · 369 U.S. 186 (1962)
• Gray v. Sanders · 372 U.S. 368 (1963)
• New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann · 285 U.S. 262 (1932)
• MacDougall v. Green · 335 U.S. 281 (1948)
• McGowan v. Maryland · 366 U.S. 420 (1961)
• West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette · 319 U.S. 624 (1943)
• United States v. Classic · 313 U.S. 299 (1941)
• Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co. · 220 U.S. 61 (1911)
• Wesberry v. Sanders · 376 U.S. 1 (1964)
• Gomillion v. Lightfoot · 364 U.S. 339 (1960)
• Smith v. Allwright · 321 U.S. 649 (1944)
• Terry v. Adams · 345 U.S. 461 (1953)
• Ex Parte Yarbrough · 110 U.S. 651 (1884)
• Lane v. Wilson · 307 U.S. 268 (1939)
• Nixon v. Herndon · 273 U.S. 536 (1927)
• Nixon v. Condon · 286 U.S. 73 (1932)
• Guinn v. United States · 238 U.S. 347 (1915)
• United States v. Mosley · 238 U.S. 383 (1915)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Brown v. Thomson · 462 U.S. 835 (1983)
• White v. Regester · 412 U.S. 755 (1973)
• Burns v. Richardson · 384 U.S. 73 (1966)
• Avery v. Midland County · 390 U.S. 474 (1968)
• Whitcomb v. Chavis · 403 U.S. 124 (1971)
• City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. · 473 U.S. 432 (1985)
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 438 U.S. 265 (1978)
• Williams v. Rhodes · 393 U.S. 23 (1968)
• Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections · 383 U.S. 663 (1966)
• Kramer v. Union Free School District No. 15 · 395 U.S. 621 (1969)
• Caban v. Mohammed · 441 U.S. 380 (1979)
• Moore v. Ogilvie · 394 U.S. 814 (1969)
• Oregon v. Mitchell · 400 U.S. 112 (1970)
• Hadley v. Junior College District of Metropolitan Kansas City · 397 U.S. 50 (1970)
• Chapman v. Meier · 420 U.S. 1 (1975)
• Palmer v. Thompson · 403 U.S. 217 (1971)
• Sailors v. Board of Ed. of Kent Cty. · 387 U.S. 105 (1967)
• Hunter v. Erickson · 393 U.S. 385 (1969)
• Parisi v. Davidson · 405 U.S. 34 (1972)
• City of Eastlake v. Forest City Enterprises, Inc. · 426 U.S. 668 (1976)
• Swann v. Adams · 385 U.S. 440 (1967)
• Town of Lockport v. Citizens for Community Action at the Local Level, Inc. · 430 U.S. 259 (1977)
• Crawford v. Board of Ed. of Los Angeles · 458 U.S. 527 (1982)
• Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris · 489 U.S. 688 (1989)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

Explore from here

Earl Warren’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).