Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, et al.

Decided February 20, 2001. David Hackett Souter delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 99-901 · 531 U.S. 288 (2001) · Cited 1,606 times

Holding

The Association’s regulatory activity is state action owing to the pervasive entwinement of state school officials in the Association’s structure, there being no offsetting reason to see the Association’s acts in any other way.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• National Collegiate Athletic Assn. v. Tarkanian · 488 U.S. 179 (1988)
• Evans v. Newton · 382 U.S. 296 (1966)
• Blum v. Yaretsky · 457 U.S. 991 (1982)
• Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co. · 457 U.S. 922 (1982)
• Rendell-Baker v. Kohn · 457 U.S. 830 (1982)
• Pennsylvania v. Board of Directors of City Trusts of Philadelphia · 353 U.S. 230 (1957)
• Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corporation · 513 U.S. 374 (1995)
• Gilmore v. City of Montgomery · 417 U.S. 556 (1974)
• West v. Atkins · 487 U.S. 42 (1988)
• Polk County v. Dodson · 454 U.S. 312 (1981)
• Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co. · 419 U.S. 345 (1974)
• American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan · 526 U.S. 40 (1999)
• Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · 365 U.S. 715 (1961)
• Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis · 407 U.S. 163 (1972)
• Flagg Bros., Inc. v. Brooks · 436 U.S. 149 (1978)
• Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co. · 500 U.S. 614 (1991)
• Marsh v. Alabama · 326 U.S. 501 (1946)
• Terry v. Adams · 345 U.S. 461 (1953)
• Public Utilities Commission v. Pollak · 343 U.S. 451 (1952)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck · 587 U.S. 802 (2019)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

Explore from here

David Hackett Souter’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2001). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).