California v. Texas

Decided June 17, 2021. Stephen Gerald Breyer delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 19-840 · 593 U.S. 659 (2021) · Cited 152 times

Holding

Plaintiffs lack standing to challenge the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s minimum essential coverage provision.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 7–2.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius · 567 U.S. 519 (2012)
• Allen v. Wright · 468 U.S. 737 (1984)
• King v. Burwell · 576 U.S. 473 (2015)
• Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife · 504 U.S. 555 (1992)
• Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment · 523 U.S. 83 (1998)
• DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno · 547 U.S. 332 (2006)
• Alaska Airlines, Inc. v. Brock · 480 U.S. 678 (1987)
• MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc. · 549 U.S. 118 (2007)
• United States v. Steffens · 100 U.S. 82 (1879)
• Clapper v. Amnesty International USA · 568 U.S. 398 (2013)
• Whitmore Ex Rel. Simmons v. Arkansas · 495 U.S. 149 (1990)
• Massachusetts v. Mellon · 262 U.S. 447 (1923)
• Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians · 526 U.S. 172 (1999)
• Babbitt v. United Farm Workers National Union · 442 U.S. 289 (1979)
• Hollingsworth v. Perry · 570 U.S. 693 (2013)
• City of Los Angeles v. Lyons · 461 U.S. 95 (1983)
• Bell v. Hood · 327 U.S. 678 (1946)
• Bennett v. Spear · 520 U.S. 154 (1997)
• Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization · 426 U.S. 26 (1976)
• Skelly Oil Co. v. Phillips Petroleum Co. · 339 U.S. 667 (1950)
• Cutter v. Wilkinson · 544 U.S. 709 (2005)
• New York v. United States · 505 U.S. 144 (1992)
• United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co. · 200 U.S. 321 (1906)
• Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency · 549 U.S. 497 (2007)
• Poe v. Ullman · 367 U.S. 497 (1961)
• Department of Revenue of Mont. v. Kurth Ranch · 511 U.S. 767 (1994)
• Virginia v. American Booksellers Assn., Inc. · 484 U.S. 383 (1988)
• Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc. · 547 U.S. 47 (2006)
• Printz v. United States · 521 U.S. 898 (1997)
• United States v. Richardson · 418 U.S. 166 (1974)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Diamond Alternative Energy, LLC v. EPA · 606 U.S. 100 (2025)
• Murthy v. Missouri · 603 U.S. 43 (2024)

Official text

Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)

Explore from here

Stephen Gerald Breyer’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2021). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).