Financial Oversight and Management Bd. for Puerto Rico v. Aurelius Investment, LLC
Decided June 1, 2020. Stephen Gerald Breyer delivered the opinion of the Court.
Docket 18-1334 · 590 U.S. 448 (2020) · Cited 26 times
Holding
The Appointments Clause does not restrict the appointment or selection of members of Puerto Rico’s Financial Oversight and Management Board, who are appointed by the President without the Senate’s advice and consent.
The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.
How the Justices voted
Decided 9–0.
Majority · 7
- John G. Roberts, Jr.
- Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
- Elena Kagan
- Neil M. Gorsuch
- Brett M. Kavanaugh
- Stephen G. Breyer · delivered the opinion of the Court
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Concurring · 2
- Clarence Thomas · filed an opinion concurring in the judgment
- Sonia Sotomayor · filed an opinion concurring in the judgment
“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).
Precedents cited
Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.
- Palmore v. United States · 411 U.S. 389 (1973)
- Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle · 579 U.S. 59 (2016)
- Calero-Toledo v. Pearson Yacht Leasing Co. · 416 U.S. 663 (1974)
- Freytag v. Commissioner · 501 U.S. 868 (1991)
- Examining Bd. of Engineers, Architects and Surveyors v. Flores De Otero · 426 U.S. 572 (1976)
- Edmond v. United States · 520 U.S. 651 (1997)
- Lucia v. SEC · 585 U.S. 237 (2018)
- Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc. · 501 U.S. 252 (1991)
- Cincinnati Soap Co. v. United States · 301 U.S. 308 (1937)
- O'Donoghue v. United States · 289 U.S. 516 (1933)
- Rodriguez v. Popular Democratic Party · 457 U.S. 1 (1982)
- National Bank v. County of Yankton · 101 U.S. 129 (1880)
- Benner v. Porter · 50 U.S. 235 (1850)
- Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha · 462 U.S. 919 (1983)
- Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corporation · 513 U.S. 374 (1995)
- Reid v. Covert · 354 U.S. 1 (1957)
- In Re Duncan · 139 U.S. 449 (1891)
- Buckley v. Valeo · 424 U.S. 1 (1976)
- Whitman v. American Trucking Assns., Inc. · 531 U.S. 457 (2001)
- Bowsher v. Synar · 478 U.S. 714 (1986)
- District of Columbia v. Carter · 409 U.S. 418 (1973)
- Glidden Co. v. Zdanok · 370 U.S. 530 (1962)
- Downes v. Bidwell · 182 U.S. 244 (1901)
- Balzac v. Porto Rico · 258 U.S. 298 (1922)
- Ryder v. United States · 515 U.S. 177 (1995)
- Carcieri v. Salazar · 555 U.S. 379 (2009)
- Beecham v. United States · 511 U.S. 368 (1994)
- Branch v. Smith · 538 U.S. 254 (2003)
- Torres v. Puerto Rico · 442 U.S. 465 (1979)
- District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. · 346 U.S. 100 (1953)
Official text
Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)
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Stephen Gerald Breyer’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court
Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2020). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).