Examining Board of Engineers, Architects and Surveyors et al. v. Flores De Otero

Decided June 17, 1976. Harry Andrew Blackmun delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 74-1267 · 426 U.S. 572 (1976) · Cited 441 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 7–1.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• District of Columbia v. Carter · 409 U.S. 418 (1973)
• Calero-Toledo v. Pearson Yacht Leasing Co. · 416 U.S. 663 (1974)
• Truax v. Raich · 239 U.S. 33 (1915)
• Graham v. Richardson · 403 U.S. 365 (1971)
• Downes v. Bidwell · 182 U.S. 244 (1901)
• Sugarman v. Dougall · 413 U.S. 634 (1973)
• In Re Griffiths · 413 U.S. 717 (1973)
• Palmore v. United States · 411 U.S. 389 (1973)
• Balzac v. Porto Rico · 258 U.S. 298 (1922)
• Fornaris v. Ridge Tool Co. · 400 U.S. 41 (1970)
• Yick Wo v. Hopkins · 118 U.S. 356 (1886)
• Bolling v. Sharpe · 347 U.S. 497 (1954)
• Reid v. Covert · 354 U.S. 1 (1957)
• Lynch v. Household Finance Corp. · 405 U.S. 538 (1972)
• Puerto Rico v. Shell Co. (PR), Ltd. · 302 U.S. 253 (1937)
• Harris County Commissioners Court v. Moore · 420 U.S. 77 (1975)
• Monroe v. Pape · 365 U.S. 167 (1961)
• San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez · 411 U.S. 1 (1973)
• Hines v. Davidowitz · 312 U.S. 52 (1941)
• Wisconsin v. Constantineau · 400 U.S. 433 (1971)
• Zwickler v. Koota · 389 U.S. 241 (1967)
• Glidden Co. v. Zdanok · 370 U.S. 530 (1962)
• De Canas v. Bica · 424 U.S. 351 (1976)
• Takahashi v. Fish & Game Commission · 334 U.S. 410 (1948)
• Terrace v. Thompson · 263 U.S. 197 (1923)
• Oyama v. California · 332 U.S. 633 (1948)
• Andres v. United States · 333 U.S. 740 (1948)
• Patsone v. Pennsylvania · 232 U.S. 138 (1914)
• Schneider v. Rusk · 377 U.S. 163 (1964)
• McCready v. Virginia · 94 U.S. 391 (1877)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Foley v. Connelie · 435 U.S. 291 (1978)
• Financial Oversight and Management Bd. for Puerto Rico v. Aurelius Investment, LLC · 590 U.S. 448 (2020)
• Chapman v. Houston Welfare Rights Organization · 441 U.S. 600 (1979)
• Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle · 579 U.S. 59 (2016)
• Torres v. Puerto Rico · 442 U.S. 465 (1979)
• Ambach v. Norwick · 441 U.S. 68 (1979)
• Nyquist v. Mauclet · 432 U.S. 1 (1977)
• Ngiraingas v. Sanchez · 495 U.S. 182 (1990)
• Cabell v. Chavez-Salido · 454 U.S. 432 (1982)
• Maine v. Thiboutot · 448 U.S. 1 (1980)
• Rodriguez v. Popular Democratic Party · 457 U.S. 1 (1982)
• Toll v. Moreno · 458 U.S. 1 (1982)
• United States v. Skrmetti · 605 U.S. 495 (2025)
• Plyler v. Doe · 457 U.S. 202 (1982)
• Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff · 467 U.S. 229 (1984)
• United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez · 494 U.S. 259 (1990)
• Posadas De Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico · 478 U.S. 328 (1986)
• Pittston Coal Group v. Sebben · 488 U.S. 105 (1988)
• Puerto Rico Department of Consumer Affairs v. Isla Petroleum Corp. · 485 U.S. 495 (1988)
• Califano v. Torres · 435 U.S. 1 (1978)
• Bernal v. Fainter · 467 U.S. 216 (1984)
• Puerto Rico v. Branstad · 483 U.S. 219 (1987)
• Harris v. Rosario · 446 U.S. 651 (1980)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).