Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 et al.

Decided June 28, 2007. John Glover Roberts Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 05-908 · 551 U.S. 701 (2007) · Cited 463 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Grutter v. Bollinger · 539 U.S. 306 (2003)
• Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena · 515 U.S. 200 (1995)
• City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. · 488 U.S. 469 (1989)
• Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education · 476 U.S. 267 (1986)
• North Carolina State Board of Education v. Swann · 402 U.S. 43 (1971)
• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · 402 U.S. 1 (1971)
• Gratz v. Bollinger · 539 U.S. 244 (2003)
• McDaniel v. Barresi · 402 U.S. 39 (1971)
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 438 U.S. 265 (1978)
• Plessy v. Ferguson · 163 U.S. 537 (1896)
• Washington v. Seattle School District No. 1 · 458 U.S. 457 (1982)
• Johnson v. California · 543 U.S. 499 (2005)
• Freeman v. Pitts · 503 U.S. 467 (1992)
• Brown v. Board of Education · 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
• Fullilove v. Klutznick · 448 U.S. 448 (1980)
• Green v. County School Board of New Kent County · 391 U.S. 430 (1968)
• Milliken v. Bradley · 418 U.S. 717 (1974)
• Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 497 U.S. 547 (1990)
• Brown v. Board of Education · 349 U.S. 294 (1955)
• Missouri v. Jenkins · 515 U.S. 70 (1995)
• Loving v. Virginia · 388 U.S. 1 (1967)
• United States v. Fordice · 505 U.S. 717 (1992)
• Milliken v. Bradley · 433 U.S. 267 (1977)
• Crawford v. Board of Ed. of Los Angeles · 458 U.S. 527 (1982)
• Yick Wo v. Hopkins · 118 U.S. 356 (1886)
• Strauder v. West Virginia · 100 U.S. 303 (1880)
• Gomillion v. Lightfoot · 364 U.S. 339 (1960)
• Hirabayashi v. United States · 320 U.S. 81 (1943)
• Mitchell v. United States · 526 U.S. 314 (1999)
• Shaw v. Reno · 509 U.S. 630 (1993)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College · 600 U.S. 181 (2023)
• Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama · 575 U.S. 254 (2015)
• West Virginia v. EPA · 597 U.S. 697 (2022)
• Campbell-Ewald Co. v. Gomez · 577 U.S. 153 (2016)
• United States v. Windsor · 570 U.S. 744 (2013)
• Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin · 570 U.S. 297 (2013)
• New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn., Inc. v. City of New York · 590 U.S. 336 (2020)
• FBI v. Fikre · 601 U.S. 234 (2024)
• Allen v. Milligan · 599 U.S. 1 (2023)
• Montejo v. Louisiana · 556 U.S. 778 (2009)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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John Glover Roberts Jr.’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).