Tuan Anh Nguyen and Joseph Boulais v. Immigration and Naturalization Service

Decided June 11, 2001. Anthony McLeod Kennedy delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 99-2071 · 533 U.S. 53 (2001) · Cited 226 times

Holding

Section 1409 is consistent with the equal protection guarantee embedded in the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Miller v. Albright · 523 U.S. 420 (1998)
• United States v. Virginia · 518 U.S. 515 (1996)
• Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan · 458 U.S. 718 (1982)
• Craig v. Boren · 429 U.S. 190 (1976)
• Fiallo Ex Rel. Rodriguez v. Bell · 430 U.S. 787 (1977)
• Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld · 420 U.S. 636 (1975)
• Wengler v. Druggists Mutual Insurance · 446 U.S. 142 (1980)
• J. E. B. v. Alabama ex rel. T. B. · 511 U.S. 127 (1994)
• Federal Communications Commission v. Beach Communications, Inc. · 508 U.S. 307 (1993)
• Heller v. Doe Ex Rel. Doe · 509 U.S. 312 (1993)
• Frontiero v. Richardson · 411 U.S. 677 (1973)
• Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Pangilinan · 486 U.S. 875 (1988)
• KIRCHBERG v. FEENSTRA Et Al. · 450 U.S. 455 (1981)
• City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. · 473 U.S. 432 (1985)
• Reed v. Reed · 404 U.S. 71 (1971)
• Lehr v. Robertson · 463 U.S. 248 (1983)
• United States Railroad Retirement Board v. Fritz · 449 U.S. 166 (1980)
• Califano v. Goldfarb · 430 U.S. 199 (1977)
• Oceanic Steam Navigation Co. v. Stranahan · 214 U.S. 320 (1909)
• Dandridge v. Williams · 397 U.S. 471 (1970)
• Washington v. Davis · 426 U.S. 229 (1976)
• Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia · 427 U.S. 307 (1976)
• Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha · 462 U.S. 919 (1983)
• Nordlinger v. Hahn · 505 U.S. 1 (1992)
• Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents · 528 U.S. 62 (2000)
• Flemming v. Nestor · 363 U.S. 603 (1960)
• Vance v. Bradley · 440 U.S. 93 (1979)
• New York v. United States · 505 U.S. 144 (1992)
• F. S. Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia · 253 U.S. 412 (1920)
• Caban v. Mohammed · 441 U.S. 380 (1979)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Sessions v. Morales-Santana · 582 U.S. 47 (2017)
• United States v. Skrmetti · 605 U.S. 495 (2025)
• Pavan v. Smith · 582 U.S. 563 (2017)
• Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland · 566 U.S. 30 (2012)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Anthony McLeod Kennedy’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2001). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).