Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama, et al., v. Patricia Garrett, et al.
Decided February 21, 2001. William Hubbs Rehnquist delivered the opinion of the Court.
Docket 99-1240 · 531 U.S. 356 (2001) · Cited 2,166 times
Holding
Suits in federal court by state employees to recover money damages by reason of the State’s failure to comply with Title I of the ADA are barred by the Eleventh Amendment.
The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.
How the Justices voted
Decided 5–4.
Majority · 3
- William Hubbs Rehnquist · delivered the opinion of the Court
- Antonin Scalia
- Clarence Thomas
Concurring · 2
- Anthony McLeod Kennedy · filed a concurring opinion
- Sandra Day O'Connor
Dissenting · 4
- David Hackett Souter
- John Paul Stevens
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg
- Stephen Gerald Breyer · filed a dissenting opinion
“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.
Precedents cited
Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.
- City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. · 473 U.S. 432 (1985)
- Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents · 528 U.S. 62 (2000)
- City of Boerne v. Flores · 521 U.S. 507 (1997)
- Katzenbach v. Morgan · 384 U.S. 641 (1966)
- Washington v. Davis · 426 U.S. 229 (1976)
- Heller v. Doe Ex Rel. Doe · 509 U.S. 312 (1993)
- Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida · 517 U.S. 44 (1996)
- College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board · 527 U.S. 666 (1999)
- Federal Communications Commission v. Beach Communications, Inc. · 508 U.S. 307 (1993)
- Alden v. Maine · 527 U.S. 706 (1999)
- City of New Orleans v. Dukes · 427 U.S. 297 (1976)
- Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer · 427 U.S. 445 (1976)
- South Carolina v. Katzenbach · 383 U.S. 301 (1966)
- Ex Parte Virginia · 100 U.S. 339 (1880)
- Oregon v. Mitchell · 400 U.S. 112 (1970)
- Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank · 527 U.S. 627 (1999)
- City of Rome v. United States · 446 U.S. 156 (1980)
- Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · 401 U.S. 424 (1971)
- Russello v. United States · 464 U.S. 16 (1983)
- Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia · 427 U.S. 307 (1976)
- Nordlinger v. Hahn · 505 U.S. 1 (1992)
- Moor v. County of Alameda · 411 U.S. 693 (1973)
- Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union · 521 U.S. 844 (1997)
- United States v. Darby · 312 U.S. 100 (1941)
- City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. · 488 U.S. 469 (1989)
- Regents of University of California v. Doe · 519 U.S. 425 (1997)
- United States v. Virginia · 518 U.S. 515 (1996)
- United States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno · 413 U.S. 528 (1973)
- City of Mobile v. Bolden · 446 U.S. 55 (1980)
- Carter v. Carter Coal Co. · 298 U.S. 238 (1936)
Cited by
Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.
- Tennessee v. Lane · 541 U.S. 509 (2004)
- Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs · 538 U.S. 721 (2003)
- Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland · 566 U.S. 30 (2012)
- United States v. Georgia · 546 U.S. 151 (2006)
- City and County of San Francisco v. Sheehan · 575 U.S. 600 (2015)
- Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College · 600 U.S. 181 (2023)
- PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin · 532 U.S. 661 (2001)
- Allen v. Milligan · 599 U.S. 1 (2023)
- Verizon Maryland Inc. v. Public Service Commission of Maryland · 535 U.S. 635 (2002)
- Egelhoff v. Egelhoff Ex Rel. Breiner · 532 U.S. 141 (2001)
- Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization · 597 U.S. 215 (2022)
- Central Virginia Community College v. Katz · 546 U.S. 356 (2006)
- Vieth v. Jubelirer · 541 U.S. 267 (2004)
- Tennessee Student Assistance Corporation v. Hood · 541 U.S. 440 (2004)
- Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District Number One v. Holder · 557 U.S. 193 (2009)
- Eldred v. Ashcroft · 537 U.S. 186 (2003)
- A. J. T. v. Osseo Area Schools, Independent School Dist. No. 279 · 605 U.S. 335 (2025)
Official text
Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)
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Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2001). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).