Erlinger v. United States

Decided June 21, 2024. Neil M. Gorsuch delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 23-370 · 602 U.S. 821 (2024) · Cited 403 times

Holding

The Fifth and Sixth Amendments require a unanimous jury to make the determination beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant’s past offenses were committed on separate occasions for purposes of the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U. S. C. § §924(e)(1).

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 6–3.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. The lineup is the syllabus’s disposition of who wrote and joined each opinion. Source: the opinion’s syllabus (supremecourt.gov).

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Apprendi v. New Jersey · 530 U.S. 466 (2000)
• Almendarez-Torres v. United States · 523 U.S. 224 (1998)
• Blakely v. Washington · 542 U.S. 296 (2004)
• Williams v. New York · 337 U.S. 241 (1949)
• Descamps v. United States · 570 U.S. 254 (2013)
• United States v. Gaudin · 515 U.S. 506 (1995)
• Shepard v. United States · 544 U.S. 13 (2005)
• United States v. Booker · 543 U.S. 220 (2005)
• Spencer v. Texas · 385 U.S. 554 (1967)
• Jones v. United States · 526 U.S. 227 (1999)
• Graham v. West Virginia · 224 U.S. 616 (1912)
• Parke v. Raley · 506 U.S. 20 (1992)
• Neder v. United States · 527 U.S. 1 (1999)
• Old Chief v. United States · 519 U.S. 172 (1997)
• Michelson v. United States · 335 U.S. 469 (1948)
• Cunningham v. California · 549 U.S. 270 (2007)
• In Re WINSHIP · 397 U.S. 358 (1970)
• Ring v. Arizona · 536 U.S. 584 (2002)
• Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore · 439 U.S. 322 (1979)
• Sullivan v. Louisiana · 508 U.S. 275 (1993)
• McMillan v. Pennsylvania · 477 U.S. 79 (1986)
• Morrissey v. Brewer · 408 U.S. 471 (1972)
• Teague v. Lane · 489 U.S. 288 (1989)
• Taylor v. United States · 495 U.S. 575 (1990)
• Duncan v. Louisiana · 391 U.S. 145 (1968)
• Payne v. Tennessee · 501 U.S. 808 (1991)
• Green v. United States · 355 U.S. 184 (1957)
• Mistretta v. United States · 488 U.S. 361 (1989)
• Rose v. Clark · 478 U.S. 570 (1986)
• Walton v. Arizona · 497 U.S. 639 (1990)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo · 603 U.S. 369 (2024)

Official text

Read the official opinion (PDF, supremecourt.gov)

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Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2024). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).