Charles C. Apprendi, Jr. v. New Jersey

Decided June 26, 2000. John Paul Stevens delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 99-478 · 530 U.S. 466 (2000) · Cited 28,372 times

Holding

The Constitution requires that any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum, other than the fact of a prior conviction, must be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court. Read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• McMillan v. Pennsylvania · 477 U.S. 79 (1986)
• Almendarez-Torres v. United States · 523 U.S. 224 (1998)
• Patterson v. New York · 432 U.S. 197 (1977)
• Jones v. United States · 526 U.S. 227 (1999)
• Mullaney v. Wilbur · 421 U.S. 684 (1975)
• In Re WINSHIP · 397 U.S. 358 (1970)
• Walton v. Arizona · 497 U.S. 639 (1990)
• Monge v. California · 524 U.S. 721 (1998)
• Williams v. New York · 337 U.S. 241 (1949)
• Wisconsin v. Mitchell · 508 U.S. 476 (1993)
• Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater · 528 U.S. 216 (2000)
• Duncan v. Louisiana · 391 U.S. 145 (1968)
• United States v. Gaudin · 515 U.S. 506 (1995)
• Mistretta v. United States · 488 U.S. 361 (1989)
• Clemons v. Mississippi · 494 U.S. 738 (1990)
• Graham v. West Virginia · 224 U.S. 616 (1912)
• United States v. REESE · 92 U.S. 214 (1876)
• Hildwin v. Florida · 490 U.S. 638 (1989)
• Sandstrom v. Montana · 442 U.S. 510 (1979)
• Sullivan v. Louisiana · 508 U.S. 275 (1993)
• United States v. Tucker · 404 U.S. 443 (1972)
• Herring v. New York · 422 U.S. 853 (1975)
• Leland v. Oregon · 343 U.S. 790 (1952)
• Martin v. Ohio · 480 U.S. 228 (1987)
• Edwards v. United States · 523 U.S. 511 (1998)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Ring v. Arizona · 536 U.S. 584 (2002)
• United States v. Haymond · 588 U.S. 634 (2019)
• Blakely v. Washington · 542 U.S. 296 (2004)
• Harris v. United States · 536 U.S. 545 (2002)
• Oregon v. Ice · 555 U.S. 160 (2009)
• United States v. Booker · 543 U.S. 220 (2005)
• Cunningham v. California · 549 U.S. 270 (2007)
• Erlinger v. United States · 602 U.S. 821 (2024)
• Southern Union Co. v. United States · 567 U.S. 343 (2012)
• Rita v. United States · 551 U.S. 338 (2007)
• Shepard v. United States · 544 U.S. 13 (2005)
• Schriro v. Summerlin · 542 U.S. 348 (2004)
• Mathis v. United States · 579 U.S. 500 (2016)
• United States v. O’Brien · 560 U.S. 218 (2010)
• Washington v. Recuenco · 548 U.S. 212 (2006)
• Descamps v. United States · 570 U.S. 254 (2013)
• McKinney v. Arizona · 589 U.S. 139 (2020)
• United States v. Cotton · 535 U.S. 625 (2002)
• James v. United States · 550 U.S. 192 (2007)
• Sattazahn v. Pennsylvania · 537 U.S. 101 (2003)
• Pena-Rodriguez v. Colorado · 580 U.S. 206 (2017)
• Moncrieffe v. Holder · 569 U.S. 184 (2013)
• Ramos v. Louisiana · 590 U.S. 83 (2020)
• United States v. Davis · 588 U.S. 445 (2019)
• Dillon v. United States · 560 U.S. 817 (2010)
• Peugh v. United States · 569 U.S. 530 (2013)
• Burrage v. United States · 571 U.S. 204 (2014)
• Beckles v. United States · 580 U.S. 256 (2017)
• Burton v. Stewart · 549 U.S. 147 (2007)
• United States v. Taylor · 596 U.S. 845 (2022)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2000). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-08-15. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).