Roderick Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education

Decided March 29, 2005. Sandra Day O'Connor delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 02-1672 · 544 U.S. 167 (2005) · Cited 708 times

Holding

Title IX’s private right of action encompasses claims of retaliation against an individual because he has complained about sex discrimination.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Davis Ex Rel. LaShonda D. v. Monroe County Board of Education · 526 U.S. 629 (1999)
• Sullivan v. Little Hunting Park, Inc. · 396 U.S. 229 (1969)
• Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District · 524 U.S. 274 (1998)
• Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools · 503 U.S. 60 (1992)
• Cannon v. University of Chicago · 441 U.S. 677 (1979)
• Alexander v. Sandoval · 532 U.S. 275 (2001)
• Central Bank of Denver, N. A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N. A. · 511 U.S. 164 (1994)
• Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · 451 U.S. 1 (1981)
• Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson · 477 U.S. 57 (1986)
• Virginia Bankshares, Inc. v. Sandberg · 501 U.S. 1083 (1991)
• Gonzaga University v. Doe · 536 U.S. 273 (2002)
• J. I. Case Co. v. Borak · 377 U.S. 426 (1964)
• Barrows v. Jackson · 346 U.S. 249 (1953)
• Barnes v. Gorman · 536 U.S. 181 (2002)
• North Haven Board of Education v. Bell · 456 U.S. 512 (1982)
• Scheuer v. Rhodes · 416 U.S. 232 (1974)
• International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · 431 U.S. 324 (1977)
• Clark County School District v. Breeden · 532 U.S. 268 (2001)
• Robinson v. Shell Oil Co. · 519 U.S. 337 (1997)
• Crawford-El v. Britton · 523 U.S. 574 (1998)
• Touche Ross & Co. v. Redington · 442 U.S. 560 (1979)
• Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins · 507 U.S. 604 (1993)
• Leocal v. Ashcroft · 543 U.S. 1 (2004)
• Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · 392 U.S. 409 (1968)
• Great American Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Novotny · 442 U.S. 366 (1979)
• Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan · 458 U.S. 718 (1982)
• Olmstead v. L.C. · 527 U.S. 581 (1999)
• United States v. Burke · 504 U.S. 229 (1992)
• California Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Guerra · 479 U.S. 272 (1987)
• Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · 462 U.S. 669 (1983)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Gomez-Perez v. Potter · 553 U.S. 474 (2008)
• CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries · 553 U.S. 442 (2008)
• Babb v. Wilkie · 589 U.S. 399 (2020)
• Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White · 548 U.S. 53 (2006)
• Arlington Central School District Board of Education v. Murphy · 548 U.S. 291 (2006)
• Murray v. UBS Securities, LLC · 601 U.S. 23 (2024)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

Explore from here

Sandra Day O'Connor’s profile · All Supreme Court opinions · The Supreme Court

Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2005). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).