George W. Bush, Governor of Texas, et al. v. al Vera et al.

Decided June 13, 1996. Sandra Day O'Connor delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 94-805 · 517 U.S. 952 (1996) · Cited 398 times

Holding

The judgment is affirmed.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Miller v. Johnson · 515 U.S. 900 (1995)
• Shaw v. Reno · 509 U.S. 630 (1993)
• Thornburg v. Gingles · 478 U.S. 30 (1986)
• Davis v. Bandemer · 478 U.S. 109 (1986)
• Reynolds v. Sims · 377 U.S. 533 (1964)
• Voinovich v. Quilter · 507 U.S. 146 (1993)
• Karcher v. Daggett · 462 U.S. 725 (1983)
• Gomillion v. Lightfoot · 364 U.S. 339 (1960)
• White v. Weiser · 412 U.S. 783 (1973)
• Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education · 476 U.S. 267 (1986)
• Growe v. Emison · 507 U.S. 25 (1993)
• Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · 429 U.S. 252 (1977)
• United States v. Hays · 515 U.S. 737 (1995)
• White v. Regester · 412 U.S. 755 (1973)
• Powers v. Ohio · 499 U.S. 400 (1991)
• City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. · 488 U.S. 469 (1989)
• Whitcomb v. Chavis · 403 U.S. 124 (1971)
• Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena · 515 U.S. 200 (1995)
• City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. · 473 U.S. 432 (1985)
• Baker v. Carr · 369 U.S. 186 (1962)
• Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · 454 U.S. 464 (1982)
• Johnson v. De Grandy · 512 U.S. 997 (1994)
• Gaffney v. Cummings · 412 U.S. 735 (1973)
• Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida · 517 U.S. 44 (1996)
• Personnel Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney · 442 U.S. 256 (1979)
• United States v. Armstrong · 517 U.S. 456 (1996)
• Terry v. Adams · 345 U.S. 461 (1953)
• Chisom v. Roemer · 501 U.S. 380 (1991)
• Kirkpatrick v. Preisler · 394 U.S. 526 (1969)
• Batson v. Kentucky · 476 U.S. 79 (1986)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry · 548 U.S. 399 (2006)
• Vieth v. Jubelirer · 541 U.S. 267 (2004)
• Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama · 575 U.S. 254 (2015)
• Bethune-Hill v. Virginia State Bd. of Elections · 580 U.S. 178 (2017)
• Allen v. Milligan · 599 U.S. 1 (2023)
• Abrams v. Johnson · 521 U.S. 74 (1997)
• Cooper v. Harris · 581 U.S. 285 (2017)
• Rucho v. Common Cause · 588 U.S. 684 (2019)
• Hunt v. Cromartie · 526 U.S. 541 (1999)
• Bartlett v. Strickland · 556 U.S. 1 (2009)
• Georgia v. Ashcroft, Attorney General · 539 U.S. 461 (2003)
• Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP · 602 U.S. 1 (2024)
• Ricci v. DeStefano · 557 U.S. 557 (2009)
• Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization · 597 U.S. 215 (2022)
• Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 · 551 U.S. 701 (2007)
• Ramos v. Louisiana · 590 U.S. 83 (2020)
• Abbott v. Perez · 585 U.S. 579 (2018)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (1996). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).