Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States et al.

Decided December 14, 1964. Tom C. Clark delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 515 · 379 U.S. 241 (1964) · Cited 912 times

We don’t yet publish a summary of this opinion — read the official text below for the Court’s holding and reasoning.

How the Justices voted

Decided 9–0.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• Civil Rights Cases · 109 U.S. 3 (1883)
• Gibbons v. Ogden · 22 U.S. 1 (1824)
• United States v. Darby · 312 U.S. 100 (1941)
• Bell v. Maryland · 378 U.S. 226 (1964)
• Wickard v. Filburn · 317 U.S. 111 (1942)
• Edwards v. California · 314 U.S. 160 (1941)
• Boynton v. Virginia · 364 U.S. 454 (1960)
• National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. · 301 U.S. 1 (1937)
• Shelley v. Kraemer · 334 U.S. 1 (1948)
• Bowles v. Willingham · 321 U.S. 503 (1944)
• United States v. Central Eureka Mining Co. · 357 U.S. 155 (1958)
• Brooks v. United States · 267 U.S. 432 (1925)
• United States v. Women's Sportswear Manufacturers Ass'n · 336 U.S. 460 (1949)
• Morgan v. Virginia · 328 U.S. 373 (1946)
• National Labor Relations Board v. Reliance Fuel Oil Corp. · 371 U.S. 224 (1963)
• Brown v. Board of Education · 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
• Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. · 272 U.S. 365 (1926)
• Nebbia v. New York · 291 U.S. 502 (1934)
• Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · 365 U.S. 715 (1961)
• Ferguson v. Skrupa · 372 U.S. 726 (1963)
• United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Assn. · 322 U.S. 533 (1944)
• Samuel Bailey v. Joe T. Patterson · 369 U.S. 31 (1962)
• Schwegmann Bros. v. Calvert Distillers Corp. · 341 U.S. 384 (1951)
• The Daniel Ball · 77 U.S. 557 (1871)
• United States v. Miller · 307 U.S. 174 (1939)
• Houston, East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States · 234 U.S. 342 (1914)
• Edye v. Robertson · 112 U.S. 580 (1884)
• United States v. Rock Royal Co-Operative, Inc. · 307 U.S. 533 (1939)
• Securities & Exchange Commission v. Ralston Purina Co. · 346 U.S. 119 (1953)
• Lorain Journal Co. v. United States · 342 U.S. 143 (1951)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• United States v. Morrison · 529 U.S. 598 (2000)
• United States v. Lopez · 514 U.S. 549 (1995)
• Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn., Inc. · 452 U.S. 264 (1981)
• United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America, Local 610 v. Scott · 463 U.S. 825 (1983)
• Gonzales v. Raich · 545 U.S. 1 (2005)
• Camps Newfound/Owatonna, Inc. v. Town of Harrison · 520 U.S. 564 (1997)
• 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis · 600 U.S. 570 (2023)
• Yee v. City of Escondido · 503 U.S. 519 (1992)
• Fullilove v. Klutznick · 448 U.S. 448 (1980)
• Katzenbach v. Morgan · 384 U.S. 641 (1966)
• Perez v. United States · 402 U.S. 146 (1971)
• Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller · 596 U.S. 212 (2022)
• Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority · 469 U.S. 528 (1985)
• Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · 392 U.S. 409 (1968)
• National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius · 567 U.S. 519 (2012)
• South Carolina v. Katzenbach · 383 U.S. 301 (1966)
• Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic · 506 U.S. 263 (1993)
• United States v. Guest · 383 U.S. 745 (1966)
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Wyoming · 460 U.S. 226 (1983)
• Hodel v. Indiana · 452 U.S. 314 (1981)
• Fry v. United States · 421 U.S. 542 (1975)
• Daniel v. Paul · 395 U.S. 298 (1969)
• Shapiro v. Thompson · 394 U.S. 618 (1969)
• Roberts v. United States Jaycees · 468 U.S. 609 (1984)
• City of Boerne v. Flores · 521 U.S. 507 (1997)
• Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp. · 458 U.S. 419 (1982)
• Iannelli v. United States · 420 U.S. 770 (1975)
• Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena · 515 U.S. 200 (1995)
• Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton · 413 U.S. 49 (1973)
• National League of Cities v. Usery · 426 U.S. 833 (1976)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: the U.S. Reports via govinfo.gov; authoring Justice and vote lineup from the Supreme Court Database (Washington University). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).