United States v. Antonio J. Morrison, et al.

Decided May 15, 2000. William Hubbs Rehnquist delivered the opinion of the Court.

Docket 99-5 · 529 U.S. 598 (2000) · Cited 1,467 times

Holding

Section 13981 cannot be sustained under the Commerce Clause or § 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Court’s statement of the holding, from the opinion’s syllabus. The syllabus is prepared by the Reporter of Decisions and is not part of the opinion of the Court — read the official opinion for authority.

How the Justices voted

Decided 5–4.

“Concurring” means agreeing with the outcome; any split shown is the Court’s judgment, not each Justice’s reasoning. Source: the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth et al.), Washington University.

Precedents cited

Supreme Court decisions this opinion relies on, ordered by how often it cites each. Cases in our collection link through; others are named.

• United States v. Lopez · 514 U.S. 549 (1995)
• Wickard v. Filburn · 317 U.S. 111 (1942)
• Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority · 469 U.S. 528 (1985)
• Gibbons v. Ogden · 22 U.S. 1 (1824)
• Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States · 379 U.S. 241 (1964)
• United States v. Guest · 383 U.S. 745 (1966)
• National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. · 301 U.S. 1 (1937)
• Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn., Inc. · 452 U.S. 264 (1981)
• City of Boerne v. Flores · 521 U.S. 507 (1997)
• United States v. Darby · 312 U.S. 100 (1941)
• United States v. Harris · 106 U.S. 629 (1883)
• Katzenbach v. McClung · 379 U.S. 294 (1964)
• Maryland v. Wirtz · 392 U.S. 183 (1968)
• Katzenbach v. Morgan · 384 U.S. 641 (1966)
• Perez v. United States · 402 U.S. 146 (1971)
• A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States · 295 U.S. 495 (1935)
• Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents · 528 U.S. 62 (2000)
• Gregory v. Ashcroft · 501 U.S. 452 (1991)
• Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis · 407 U.S. 163 (1972)
• Hammer v. Dagenhart · 247 U.S. 251 (1918)
• Miller v. California · 413 U.S. 15 (1973)
• New York v. United States · 505 U.S. 144 (1992)
• South Carolina v. Katzenbach · 383 U.S. 301 (1966)
• Ex Parte Virginia · 100 U.S. 339 (1880)
• District of Columbia v. Carter · 409 U.S. 418 (1973)
• The Employers'liability Cases · 207 U.S. 463 (1908)
• United States v. California · 297 U.S. 175 (1936)
• Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · 398 U.S. 144 (1970)
• Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co. · 457 U.S. 922 (1982)
• United States v. Nixon · 418 U.S. 683 (1974)

Cited by

Later Supreme Court opinions in our collection that cite this case.

• Gonzales v. Raich · 545 U.S. 1 (2005)
• United States v. Kebodeaux · 570 U.S. 387 (2013)
• National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius · 567 U.S. 519 (2012)
• United States v. Comstock · 560 U.S. 126 (2010)
• Tennessee v. Lane · 541 U.S. 509 (2004)
• Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. United States Army Corps of Engineers · 531 U.S. 159 (2001)
• Sabri v. United States · 541 U.S. 600 (2004)
• Stolt-Nielsen S. A. v. AnimalFeeds International Corp. · 559 U.S. 662 (2010)
• Wyeth v. Levine · 555 U.S. 555 (2009)
• Bond v. United States · 572 U.S. 844 (2014)
• Shelby County v. Holder · 570 U.S. 529 (2013)
• Gobeille v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. · 577 U.S. 312 (2016)
• Zivotofsky v. Kerry · 576 U.S. 1 (2015)
• McDonald v. City of Chicago · 561 U.S. 742 (2010)
• McConnell v. Federal Election Commission · 540 U.S. 93 (2003)
• Salazar v. Buono · 559 U.S. 700 (2010)
• United States v. Booker · 543 U.S. 220 (2005)
• Egelhoff v. Egelhoff Ex Rel. Breiner · 532 U.S. 141 (2001)
• Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs · 538 U.S. 721 (2003)
• Collins v. Virginia · 584 U.S. 586 (2018)
• Eldred v. Ashcroft · 537 U.S. 186 (2003)
• Jinks v. Richland County · 538 U.S. 456 (2003)
• Haaland v. Brackeen · 599 U.S. 255 (2023)

Official text

Read the official opinion (U.S. Reports, govinfo.gov)

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Source: Supreme Court of the United States, slip opinions (2000). Citation count from the Free Law Project’s CourtListener bulk data. Data last verified 2026-07-03. Informational only; verify against the primary source before relying. Not a consumer report (FCRA).