The federal trial bench

U.S. District Courts

The 91 District Courts are the federal trial courts — every state, the District of Columbia, and the territories have at least one. 3,489 Article III district judges in history, plus 936 magistrate judges, each on their court’s page. Also browse the bankruptcy courts or the full federal bench.

Alabama

6 currently serving · 23 in history · 9 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit
13 currently serving · 43 in history · 9 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit
6 currently serving · 22 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit

Alaska

7 currently serving · 13 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

Arizona

26 currently serving · 51 in history · 25 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

Arkansas

6 currently serving · 27 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit
7 currently serving · 27 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit

California

38 currently serving · 101 in history · 42 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit
11 currently serving · 27 in history · 20 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit
26 currently serving · 76 in history · 18 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit
22 currently serving · 75 in history · 21 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

Colorado

15 currently serving · 34 in history · 14 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit

Connecticut

13 currently serving · 44 in history · 9 magistrate judges · Second Circuit

Delaware

6 currently serving · 29 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Third Circuit

District of Columbia

27 currently serving · 79 in history · 7 magistrate judges · D.C. Circuit

Florida

32 currently serving · 48 in history · 25 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit
6 currently serving · 26 in history · 10 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit
30 currently serving · 76 in history · 28 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit

Georgia

6 currently serving · 15 in history · 3 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit
18 currently serving · 49 in history · 13 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit
4 currently serving · 16 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Eleventh Circuit

Hawaii

9 currently serving · 16 in history · 6 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

Idaho

4 currently serving · 13 in history · 3 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

Illinois

7 currently serving · 15 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Seventh Circuit
38 currently serving · 107 in history · 24 magistrate judges · Seventh Circuit
5 currently serving · 25 in history · 8 magistrate judges · Seventh Circuit

Indiana

10 currently serving · 21 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Seventh Circuit
9 currently serving · 18 in history · 11 magistrate judges · Seventh Circuit

Iowa

3 currently serving · 13 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit
5 currently serving · 21 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit

Kansas

12 currently serving · 34 in history · 10 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit

Kentucky

9 currently serving · 21 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit
7 currently serving · 26 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit

Louisiana

17 currently serving · 62 in history · 9 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit
3 currently serving · 8 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit
13 currently serving · 37 in history · 9 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit

Maine

7 currently serving · 20 in history · 4 magistrate judges · First Circuit

Maryland

15 currently serving · 56 in history · 12 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit

Massachusetts

19 currently serving · 53 in history · 10 magistrate judges · First Circuit

Michigan

22 currently serving · 73 in history · 15 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit
6 currently serving · 23 in history · 8 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit

Minnesota

16 currently serving · 41 in history · 14 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit

Mississippi

6 currently serving · 18 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit
10 currently serving · 22 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit

Missouri

18 currently serving · 47 in history · 12 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit
15 currently serving · 41 in history · 9 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit

Montana

6 currently serving · 22 in history · 8 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

Nebraska

5 currently serving · 24 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit

Nevada

12 currently serving · 30 in history · 15 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

New Hampshire

5 currently serving · 18 in history · 2 magistrate judges · First Circuit

New Jersey

25 currently serving · 97 in history · 17 magistrate judges · Third Circuit

New Mexico

12 currently serving · 27 in history · 23 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit

New York

31 currently serving · 73 in history · 23 magistrate judges · Second Circuit
10 currently serving · 30 in history · 13 magistrate judges · Second Circuit
46 currently serving · 160 in history · 24 magistrate judges · Second Circuit
9 currently serving · 19 in history · 11 magistrate judges · Second Circuit

North Carolina

5 currently serving · 16 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit
7 currently serving · 16 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit
8 currently serving · 22 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit

North Dakota

4 currently serving · 14 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit

Ohio

20 currently serving · 61 in history · 14 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit
16 currently serving · 41 in history · 12 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit

Oklahoma

3 currently serving · 18 in history · 2 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit
7 currently serving · 22 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit
13 currently serving · 30 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit

Oregon

11 currently serving · 33 in history · 12 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

Pennsylvania

34 currently serving · 112 in history · 13 magistrate judges · Third Circuit
9 currently serving · 29 in history · 8 magistrate judges · Third Circuit
15 currently serving · 66 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Third Circuit

Puerto Rico

9 currently serving · 24 in history · 6 magistrate judges · First Circuit

Rhode Island

4 currently serving · 25 in history · 4 magistrate judges · First Circuit

South Carolina

15 currently serving · 46 in history · 11 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit

South Dakota

6 currently serving · 18 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Eighth Circuit

Tennessee

9 currently serving · 28 in history · 9 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit
4 currently serving · 24 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit
9 currently serving · 27 in history · 6 magistrate judges · Sixth Circuit

Texas

10 currently serving · 33 in history · 11 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit
16 currently serving · 40 in history · 15 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit
31 currently serving · 58 in history · 27 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit
17 currently serving · 46 in history · 22 magistrate judges · Fifth Circuit

Utah

11 currently serving · 21 in history · 10 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit

Vermont

5 currently serving · 21 in history · 1 magistrate judges · Second Circuit

Virginia

18 currently serving · 51 in history · 14 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit
7 currently serving · 30 in history · 7 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit

Washington

9 currently serving · 25 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit
17 currently serving · 37 in history · 13 magistrate judges · Ninth Circuit

West Virginia

5 currently serving · 16 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit
6 currently serving · 19 in history · 4 magistrate judges · Fourth Circuit

Wisconsin

6 currently serving · 23 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Seventh Circuit
3 currently serving · 11 in history · 5 magistrate judges · Seventh Circuit

Wyoming

4 currently serving · 9 in history · 6 magistrate judges · Tenth Circuit

Historical district courts

Courts later split, merged, or abolished — kept for their benches’ history.